diff --git a/api/core/agent/output_parser/cot_output_parser.py b/api/core/agent/output_parser/cot_output_parser.py
index 46c1f1230d..8cccd2be6d 100644
--- a/api/core/agent/output_parser/cot_output_parser.py
+++ b/api/core/agent/output_parser/cot_output_parser.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 import re
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMResultChunk
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from core.agent.entities import AgentScratchpadUnit
 class CotAgentOutputParser:
     @classmethod
     def handle_react_stream_output(
-        cls, llm_response: Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None], usage_dict: dict
+        cls, llm_response: Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None], usage_dict: dict[str, Any]
     ) -> Generator[Union[str, AgentScratchpadUnit.Action], None, None]:
         def parse_action(action) -> Union[str, AgentScratchpadUnit.Action]:
             action_name = None
diff --git a/api/core/schemas/resolver.py b/api/core/schemas/resolver.py
index 6e26664ac2..e267c1abd9 100644
--- a/api/core/schemas/resolver.py
+++ b/api/core/schemas/resolver.py
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ def resolve_dify_schema_refs(
     return resolver.resolve(schema)
 
 
-def _remove_metadata_fields(schema: dict) -> dict:
+def _remove_metadata_fields(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """
     Remove metadata fields from schema that shouldn't be included in resolved output
 
diff --git a/api/services/model_provider_service.py b/api/services/model_provider_service.py
index 3f37c9b176..bf208c9bc7 100644
--- a/api/services/model_provider_service.py
+++ b/api/services/model_provider_service.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType, ParameterRule
 
@@ -168,7 +169,9 @@ class ModelProviderService:
             model_name=model,
         )
 
-    def get_provider_credential(self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credential_id: str | None = None) -> dict | None:
+    def get_provider_credential(
+        self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credential_id: str | None = None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         get provider credentials.
 
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         provider_configuration = self._get_provider_configuration(tenant_id, provider)
         return provider_configuration.get_provider_credential(credential_id=credential_id)
 
-    def validate_provider_credentials(self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credentials: dict):
+    def validate_provider_credentials(self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credentials: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         validate provider credentials before saving.
 
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         provider_configuration.validate_provider_credentials(credentials)
 
     def create_provider_credential(
-        self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credentials: dict, credential_name: str | None
+        self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, credentials: dict[str, Any], credential_name: str | None
     ) -> None:
         """
         Create and save new provider credentials.
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         self,
         tenant_id: str,
         provider: str,
-        credentials: dict,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
         credential_id: str,
         credential_name: str | None,
     ) -> None:
@@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
 
     def get_model_credential(
         self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, model_type: str, model: str, credential_id: str | None
-    ) -> dict | None:
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Retrieve model-specific credentials.
 
@@ -270,7 +273,9 @@ class ModelProviderService:
             model_type=ModelType.value_of(model_type), model=model, credential_id=credential_id
         )
 
-    def validate_model_credentials(self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, model_type: str, model: str, credentials: dict):
+    def validate_model_credentials(
+        self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, model_type: str, model: str, credentials: dict[str, Any]
+    ):
         """
         validate model credentials.
 
@@ -287,7 +292,13 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         )
 
     def create_model_credential(
-        self, tenant_id: str, provider: str, model_type: str, model: str, credentials: dict, credential_name: str | None
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        provider: str,
+        model_type: str,
+        model: str,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
+        credential_name: str | None,
     ) -> None:
         """
         create and save model credentials.
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         provider: str,
         model_type: str,
         model: str,
-        credentials: dict,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
         credential_id: str,
         credential_name: str | None,
     ) -> None: