[autofix.ci] apply automated fixes

api/AGENTS.md

@@ -2,57 +2,61 @@
 
 Start with the section that best matches your need. Each entry lists the problems it solves plus key files/concepts so you know what to expect before opening it.
 
----
+______________________________________________________________________
 
 ## Platform Foundations
 
-- **[Infrastructure Overview](agent_skills/infra.md)**  
+- **[Infrastructure Overview](agent_skills/infra.md)**\
-  When to read this:  
+  When to read this:
-  - You need to understand where a feature belongs in the architecture.  
-  - You’re wiring storage, Redis, vector stores, or OTEL.  
-  - You’re about to add CLI commands or async jobs.  
-  What it covers: configuration stack (`configs/app_config.py`, remote settings), storage entry points (`extensions/ext_storage.py`, `core/file/file_manager.py`), Redis conventions (`extensions/ext_redis.py`), plugin runtime topology, vector-store factory (`core/rag/datasource/vdb/*`), observability hooks, SSRF proxy usage, and core CLI commands.
 
-- **[Coding Style](agent_skills/coding_style.md)**  
+  - You need to understand where a feature belongs in the architecture.
-  When to read this:  
+  - You’re wiring storage, Redis, vector stores, or OTEL.
-  - You’re writing or reviewing backend code and need the authoritative checklist.  
+  - You’re about to add CLI commands or async jobs.\
-  - You’re unsure about Pydantic validators, SQLAlchemy session usage, or logging patterns.  
+    What it covers: configuration stack (`configs/app_config.py`, remote settings), storage entry points (`extensions/ext_storage.py`, `core/file/file_manager.py`), Redis conventions (`extensions/ext_redis.py`), plugin runtime topology, vector-store factory (`core/rag/datasource/vdb/*`), observability hooks, SSRF proxy usage, and core CLI commands.
-  - You want the exact lint/type/test commands used in PRs.  
-  Includes: Ruff & BasedPyright commands, no-annotation policy, session examples (`with Session(db.engine, ...)`), `@field_validator` usage, logging expectations, and the rule set for file size, helpers, and package management.
 
----
+- **[Coding Style](agent_skills/coding_style.md)**\
+  When to read this:
+
+  - You’re writing or reviewing backend code and need the authoritative checklist.
+  - You’re unsure about Pydantic validators, SQLAlchemy session usage, or logging patterns.
+  - You want the exact lint/type/test commands used in PRs.\
+    Includes: Ruff & BasedPyright commands, no-annotation policy, session examples (`with Session(db.engine, ...)`), `@field_validator` usage, logging expectations, and the rule set for file size, helpers, and package management.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
 
 ## Plugin & Extension Development
 
-- **[Plugin Systems](agent_skills/plugin.md)**  
+- **[Plugin Systems](agent_skills/plugin.md)**\
-  When to read this:  
+  When to read this:
-  - You’re building or debugging a marketplace plugin.  
-  - You need to know how manifests, providers, daemons, and migrations fit together.  
-  What it covers: plugin manifests (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`), installation/upgrade flows (`services/plugin/plugin_service.py`, CLI commands), runtime adapters (`core/plugin/impl/*` for tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent), daemon coordination (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`), and how provider registries surface capabilities to the rest of the platform.
 
-- **[Plugin OAuth](agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md)**  
+  - You’re building or debugging a marketplace plugin.
-  When to read this:  
+  - You need to know how manifests, providers, daemons, and migrations fit together.\
-  - You must integrate OAuth for a plugin or datasource.  
+    What it covers: plugin manifests (`core/plugin/entities/plugin.py`), installation/upgrade flows (`services/plugin/plugin_service.py`, CLI commands), runtime adapters (`core/plugin/impl/*` for tool/model/datasource/trigger/endpoint/agent), daemon coordination (`core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py`), and how provider registries surface capabilities to the rest of the platform.
-  - You’re handling credential encryption or refresh flows.  
-  Topics: credential storage, encryption helpers (`core/helper/provider_encryption.py`), OAuth client bootstrap (`services/plugin/oauth_service.py`, `services/plugin/plugin_parameter_service.py`), and how console/API layers expose the flows.
 
----
+- **[Plugin OAuth](agent_skills/plugin_oauth.md)**\
+  When to read this:
+
+  - You must integrate OAuth for a plugin or datasource.
+  - You’re handling credential encryption or refresh flows.\
+    Topics: credential storage, encryption helpers (`core/helper/provider_encryption.py`), OAuth client bootstrap (`services/plugin/oauth_service.py`, `services/plugin/plugin_parameter_service.py`), and how console/API layers expose the flows.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
 
 ## Workflow Entry & Execution
 
-- **[Trigger Concepts](agent_skills/trigger.md)**  
+- **[Trigger Concepts](agent_skills/trigger.md)**\
-  When to read this:  
+  When to read this:
-  - You’re debugging why a workflow didn’t start.  
+  - You’re debugging why a workflow didn’t start.
-  - You’re adding a new trigger type or hook.  
+  - You’re adding a new trigger type or hook.
-  - You need to trace async execution, draft debugging, or webhook/schedule pipelines.  
+  - You need to trace async execution, draft debugging, or webhook/schedule pipelines.\
-  Details: Start-node taxonomy, webhook & schedule internals (`core/workflow/nodes/trigger_*`, `services/trigger/*`), async orchestration (`services/async_workflow_service.py`, Celery queues), debug event bus, and storage/logging interactions.
+    Details: Start-node taxonomy, webhook & schedule internals (`core/workflow/nodes/trigger_*`, `services/trigger/*`), async orchestration (`services/async_workflow_service.py`, Celery queues), debug event bus, and storage/logging interactions.
 
----
+______________________________________________________________________
 
 ## Additional Notes for Agents
 
-- All skill docs assume you follow the coding style guide—run Ruff/BasedPyright/tests listed there before submitting changes.  
+- All skill docs assume you follow the coding style guide—run Ruff/BasedPyright/tests listed there before submitting changes.
-- When you cannot find an answer in these briefs, search the codebase using the paths referenced (e.g., `core/plugin/impl/tool.py`, `services/dataset_service.py`).  
+- When you cannot find an answer in these briefs, search the codebase using the paths referenced (e.g., `core/plugin/impl/tool.py`, `services/dataset_service.py`).
-- If you run into cross-cutting concerns (tenancy, configuration, storage), check the infrastructure guide first; it links to most supporting modules.  
+- If you run into cross-cutting concerns (tenancy, configuration, storage), check the infrastructure guide first; it links to most supporting modules.
-- Keep multi-tenancy and configuration central: everything flows through `configs.dify_config` and `tenant_id`.  
+- Keep multi-tenancy and configuration central: everything flows through `configs.dify_config` and `tenant_id`.
 - When touching plugins or triggers, consult both the system overview and the specialised doc to ensure you adjust lifecycle, storage, and observability consistently.

api/agent_skills/coding_style.md

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 ## SQLAlchemy Patterns
 
 - Models inherit from `models.base.Base`; never create ad-hoc metadata or engines.
+
 - Open sessions with context managers:
 
   ```python
@@ -44,7 +45,9 @@
   ```
 
 - Use SQLAlchemy expressions; avoid raw SQL unless necessary.
+
 - Introduce repository abstractions only for very large tables (e.g., workflow executions) to support alternative storage strategies.
+
 - Always scope queries by `tenant_id` and protect write paths with safeguards (`FOR UPDATE`, row counts, etc.).
 
 ## Storage & External IO
@@ -56,7 +59,9 @@
 ## Pydantic Usage
 
 - Define DTOs with Pydantic v2 models and forbid extras by default.
+
 - Use `@field_validator` / `@model_validator` for domain rules.
+
 - Example:
 
   ```python

api/agent_skills/trigger.md

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ Trigger is a collection of nodes that we called `Start` nodes, also, the concept
 Before `Trigger` concept is introduced, it's what we called `Start` node, but now, to avoid confusion, it was renamed to `UserInput` node, has a strong relation with `ServiceAPI` in `controllers/service_api/app`
 
 1. `UserInput` node introduces a list of arguments that need to be provided by the user, finally it will be converted into variables in the workflow variable pool.
-2. `ServiceAPI` accept those arguments, and pass through them into `UserInput` node.
+1. `ServiceAPI` accept those arguments, and pass through them into `UserInput` node.
-3. For its detailed implementation, please refer to `core/workflow/nodes/start`
+1. For its detailed implementation, please refer to `core/workflow/nodes/start`
 
 ### Trigger Webhook
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ To Achieve this, a `WorkflowSchedulePlan` model was introduced in `models/trigge
 `Trigger Plugin` node allows user define there own distributed trigger plugin, whenever a request was received, Dify forwards it to the plugin and wait for parsed variables from it.
 
 1. Requests were saved in storage by `services/trigger/trigger_request_service.py`, referenced by `services/trigger/trigger_service.py`.`TriggerService`.`process_endpoint`
-2. Plugins accept those requests and parse variables from it, see `core/plugin/impl/trigger.py` for details.
+1. Plugins accept those requests and parse variables from it, see `core/plugin/impl/trigger.py` for details.
 
 A `subscription` concept was out here by Dify, it means an endpoint address from Dify was bound to thirdparty webhook service like `Github` `Slack` `Linear` `GoogleDrive` `Gmail` etc. Once a subscription was created, Dify continually receives requests from the platforms and handle them one by one.
 

api/core/app/apps/workflow/app_generator.py

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         invoke_from: InvokeFrom,
         streaming: Literal[True],
         call_depth: int,
-        triggered_from: Optional[WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom] = None,
+        triggered_from: WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom | None = None,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> Generator[Mapping[str, Any] | str, None, None]: ...
 
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         invoke_from: InvokeFrom,
         streaming: Literal[False],
         call_depth: int,
-        triggered_from: Optional[WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom] = None,
+        triggered_from: WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom | None = None,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> Mapping[str, Any]: ...
 
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         invoke_from: InvokeFrom,
         streaming: bool,
         call_depth: int,
-        triggered_from: Optional[WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom] = None,
+        triggered_from: WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom | None = None,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> Union[Mapping[str, Any], Generator[Mapping[str, Any] | str, None, None]]: ...
 
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         invoke_from: InvokeFrom,
         streaming: bool = True,
         call_depth: int = 0,
-        triggered_from: Optional[WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom] = None,
+        triggered_from: WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom | None = None,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> Union[Mapping[str, Any], Generator[Mapping[str, Any] | str, None, None]]:
         files: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]] = args.get("files") or []
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         workflow_node_execution_repository: WorkflowNodeExecutionRepository,
         streaming: bool = True,
         variable_loader: VariableLoader = DUMMY_VARIABLE_LOADER,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> Union[Mapping[str, Any], Generator[str | Mapping[str, Any], None, None]]:
         """
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         variable_loader: VariableLoader,
         workflow_execution_repository: WorkflowExecutionRepository,
         workflow_node_execution_repository: WorkflowNodeExecutionRepository,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),
     ) -> None:
         """

api/core/app/apps/workflow/app_runner.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class WorkflowAppRunner(WorkflowBasedAppRunner):
         variable_loader: VariableLoader,
         workflow: Workflow,
         system_user_id: str,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
         workflow_execution_repository: WorkflowExecutionRepository,
         workflow_node_execution_repository: WorkflowNodeExecutionRepository,
         graph_engine_layers: Sequence[GraphEngineLayer] = (),

api/core/app/apps/workflow_app_runner.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class WorkflowBasedAppRunner:
         workflow_id: str = "",
         tenant_id: str = "",
         user_id: str = "",
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
     ) -> Graph:
         """
         Init graph

api/core/entities/provider_entities.py

@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ class SystemConfiguration(BaseModel):
     """
 
     enabled: bool
-    current_quota_type: Optional[ProviderQuotaType] = None
+    current_quota_type: ProviderQuotaType | None = None
     quota_configurations: list[QuotaConfiguration] = []
-    credentials: Optional[dict] = None
+    credentials: dict | None = None
 
 
 class CustomProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ class CustomProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
     """
 
     credentials: dict
-    current_credential_id: Optional[str] = None
+    current_credential_id: str | None = None
-    current_credential_name: Optional[str] = None
+    current_credential_name: str | None = None
     available_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration] = []
 
 
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ class CustomModelConfiguration(BaseModel):
     model: str
     model_type: ModelType
     credentials: dict | None
-    current_credential_id: Optional[str] = None
+    current_credential_id: str | None = None
-    current_credential_name: Optional[str] = None
+    current_credential_name: str | None = None
     available_model_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration] = []
     unadded_to_model_list: bool | None = False
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class CustomConfiguration(BaseModel):
     Model class for provider custom configuration.
     """
 
-    provider: Optional[CustomProviderConfiguration] = None
+    provider: CustomProviderConfiguration | None = None
     models: list[CustomModelConfiguration] = []
     can_added_models: list[UnaddedModelConfiguration] = []
 

api/core/helper/provider_encryption.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class ProviderConfigCache(Protocol):
     Interface for provider configuration cache operations
     """
 
-    def get(self) -> Optional[dict[str, Any]]:
+    def get(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Get cached provider configuration"""
         ...
 

api/core/plugin/entities/plugin.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class PluginDeclaration(BaseModel):
         models: list[str] | None = Field(default_factory=list[str])
         endpoints: list[str] | None = Field(default_factory=list[str])
         datasources: list[str] | None = Field(default_factory=list[str])
-        triggers: Optional[list[str]] = Field(default_factory=list[str])
+        triggers: list[str] | None = Field(default_factory=list[str])
 
     class Meta(BaseModel):
         minimum_dify_version: str | None = Field(default=None)

api/core/plugin/entities/request.py

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class RequestFetchAppInfo(BaseModel):
 
 class TriggerInvokeEventResponse(BaseModel):
     variables: Mapping[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
-    cancelled: Optional[bool] = False
+    cancelled: bool | None = False
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=(), arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 

api/core/trigger/entities/api_entities.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class EventApiEntity(BaseModel):
     identity: EventIdentity = Field(description="The identity of the trigger")
     description: I18nObject = Field(description="The description of the trigger")
     parameters: list[EventParameter] = Field(description="The parameters of the trigger")
-    output_schema: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = Field(description="The output schema of the trigger")
+    output_schema: Mapping[str, Any] | None = Field(description="The output schema of the trigger")
 
 
 class TriggerProviderApiEntity(BaseModel):
@@ -39,19 +39,19 @@ class TriggerProviderApiEntity(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(..., description="The name of the trigger provider")
     label: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label of the trigger provider")
     description: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The description of the trigger provider")
-    icon: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The icon of the trigger provider")
+    icon: str | None = Field(default=None, description="The icon of the trigger provider")
-    icon_dark: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The dark icon of the trigger provider")
+    icon_dark: str | None = Field(default=None, description="The dark icon of the trigger provider")
     tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="The tags of the trigger provider")
 
-    plugin_id: Optional[str] = Field(default="", description="The plugin id of the tool")
+    plugin_id: str | None = Field(default="", description="The plugin id of the tool")
-    plugin_unique_identifier: Optional[str] = Field(default="", description="The unique identifier of the tool")
+    plugin_unique_identifier: str | None = Field(default="", description="The unique identifier of the tool")
 
     supported_creation_methods: list[TriggerCreationMethod] = Field(
         default_factory=list,
         description="Supported creation methods for the trigger provider. like 'OAUTH', 'APIKEY', 'MANUAL'.",
     )
 
-    subscription_constructor: Optional[SubscriptionConstructor] = Field(
+    subscription_constructor: SubscriptionConstructor | None = Field(
         default=None, description="The subscription constructor of the trigger provider"
     )
 

api/core/trigger/entities/entities.py

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ class EventParameter(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(..., description="The name of the parameter")
     label: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label presented to the user")
     type: EventParameterType = Field(..., description="The type of the parameter")
-    auto_generate: Optional[PluginParameterAutoGenerate] = Field(
+    auto_generate: PluginParameterAutoGenerate | None = Field(
         default=None, description="The auto generate of the parameter"
     )
-    template: Optional[PluginParameterTemplate] = Field(default=None, description="The template of the parameter")
+    template: PluginParameterTemplate | None = Field(default=None, description="The template of the parameter")
-    scope: Optional[str] = None
+    scope: str | None = None
-    required: Optional[bool] = False
+    required: bool | None = False
     multiple: bool | None = Field(
         default=False,
         description="Whether the parameter is multiple select, only valid for select or dynamic-select type",
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class EventParameter(BaseModel):
     default: Union[int, float, str, list[Any], None] = None
     min: Union[float, int, None] = None
     max: Union[float, int, None] = None
-    precision: Optional[int] = None
+    precision: int | None = None
-    options: Optional[list[PluginParameterOption]] = None
+    options: list[PluginParameterOption] | None = None
-    description: Optional[I18nObject] = None
+    description: I18nObject | None = None
 
 
 class TriggerProviderIdentity(BaseModel):
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ class TriggerProviderIdentity(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(..., description="The name of the trigger provider")
     label: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label of the trigger provider")
     description: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The description of the trigger provider")
-    icon: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The icon of the trigger provider")
+    icon: str | None = Field(default=None, description="The icon of the trigger provider")
-    icon_dark: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The dark icon of the trigger provider")
+    icon_dark: str | None = Field(default=None, description="The dark icon of the trigger provider")
     tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="The tags of the trigger provider")
 
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class EventIdentity(BaseModel):
     author: str = Field(..., description="The author of the event")
     name: str = Field(..., description="The name of the event")
     label: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label of the event")
-    provider: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The provider of the event")
+    provider: str | None = Field(default=None, description="The provider of the event")
 
 
 class EventEntity(BaseModel):
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class EventEntity(BaseModel):
         default_factory=list[EventParameter], description="The parameters of the event"
     )
     description: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The description of the event")
-    output_schema: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = Field(
+    output_schema: Mapping[str, Any] | None = Field(
         default=None, description="The output schema that this event produces"
     )
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class SubscriptionConstructor(BaseModel):
         description="The credentials schema of the subscription constructor",
     )
 
-    oauth_schema: Optional[OAuthSchema] = Field(
+    oauth_schema: OAuthSchema | None = Field(
         default=None,
         description="The OAuth schema of the subscription constructor if OAuth is supported",
     )
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class UnsubscribeResult(BaseModel):
 
     success: bool = Field(..., description="Whether the unsubscription was successful")
 
-    message: Optional[str] = Field(
+    message: str | None = Field(
         None,
         description="Human-readable message about the operation result. "
         "Success message for successful operations, "

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_plugin/entities.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TriggerEventNodeData(BaseNodeData):
             return type
 
     title: str
-    desc: Optional[str] = None
+    desc: str | None = None
     plugin_id: str = Field(..., description="Plugin ID")
     provider_id: str = Field(..., description="Provider ID")
     event_name: str = Field(..., description="Event name")

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_plugin/trigger_event_node.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TriggerEventNode(Node):
     def init_node_data(self, data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
         self._node_data = TriggerEventNodeData.model_validate(data)
 
-    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> Optional[ErrorStrategy]:
+    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> ErrorStrategy | None:
         return self._node_data.error_strategy
 
     def _get_retry_config(self) -> RetryConfig:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class TriggerEventNode(Node):
     def _get_title(self) -> str:
         return self._node_data.title
 
-    def _get_description(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def _get_description(self) -> str | None:
         return self._node_data.desc
 
     def _get_default_value_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_schedule/entities.py

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ class TriggerScheduleNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     """
 
     mode: str = Field(default="visual", description="Schedule mode: visual or cron")
-    frequency: Optional[str] = Field(
+    frequency: str | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Frequency for visual mode: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly"
     )
-    cron_expression: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="Cron expression for cron mode")
+    cron_expression: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Cron expression for cron mode")
-    visual_config: Optional[dict] = Field(default=None, description="Visual configuration details")
+    visual_config: dict | None = Field(default=None, description="Visual configuration details")
     timezone: str = Field(default="UTC", description="Timezone for schedule execution")
 
 
@@ -26,26 +26,26 @@ class ScheduleConfig(BaseModel):
 
 
 class SchedulePlanUpdate(BaseModel):
-    node_id: Optional[str] = None
+    node_id: str | None = None
-    cron_expression: Optional[str] = None
+    cron_expression: str | None = None
-    timezone: Optional[str] = None
+    timezone: str | None = None
 
 
 class VisualConfig(BaseModel):
     """Visual configuration for schedule trigger"""
 
     # For hourly frequency
-    on_minute: Optional[int] = Field(default=0, ge=0, le=59, description="Minute of the hour (0-59)")
+    on_minute: int | None = Field(default=0, ge=0, le=59, description="Minute of the hour (0-59)")
 
     # For daily, weekly, monthly frequencies
-    time: Optional[str] = Field(default="12:00 AM", description="Time in 12-hour format (e.g., '2:30 PM')")
+    time: str | None = Field(default="12:00 AM", description="Time in 12-hour format (e.g., '2:30 PM')")
 
     # For weekly frequency
-    weekdays: Optional[list[Literal["sun", "mon", "tue", "wed", "thu", "fri", "sat"]]] = Field(
+    weekdays: list[Literal["sun", "mon", "tue", "wed", "thu", "fri", "sat"]] | None = Field(
         default=None, description="List of weekdays to run on"
     )
 
     # For monthly frequency
-    monthly_days: Optional[list[Union[int, Literal["last"]]]] = Field(
+    monthly_days: list[Union[int, Literal["last"]]] | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Days of month to run on (1-31 or 'last')"
     )

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_schedule/trigger_schedule_node.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class TriggerScheduleNode(Node):
     def init_node_data(self, data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
         self._node_data = TriggerScheduleNodeData(**data)
 
-    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> Optional[ErrorStrategy]:
+    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> ErrorStrategy | None:
         return self._node_data.error_strategy
 
     def _get_retry_config(self) -> RetryConfig:
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TriggerScheduleNode(Node):
     def _get_title(self) -> str:
         return self._node_data.title
 
-    def _get_description(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def _get_description(self) -> str | None:
         return self._node_data.desc
 
     def _get_default_value_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_webhook/entities.py

@@ -75,5 +75,5 @@ class WebhookData(BaseNodeData):
     response_body: str = ""  # Template for response body
 
     # Webhook specific fields (not from client data, set internally)
-    webhook_id: Optional[str] = None  # Set when webhook trigger is created
+    webhook_id: str | None = None  # Set when webhook trigger is created
     timeout: int = 30  # Timeout in seconds to wait for webhook response

api/core/workflow/nodes/trigger_webhook/node.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TriggerWebhookNode(Node):
     def init_node_data(self, data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
         self._node_data = WebhookData.model_validate(data)
 
-    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> Optional[ErrorStrategy]:
+    def _get_error_strategy(self) -> ErrorStrategy | None:
         return self._node_data.error_strategy
 
     def _get_retry_config(self) -> RetryConfig:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class TriggerWebhookNode(Node):
     def _get_title(self) -> str:
         return self._node_data.title
 
-    def _get_description(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def _get_description(self) -> str | None:
         return self._node_data.desc
 
     def _get_default_value_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:

api/events/event_handlers/sync_workflow_schedule_when_app_published.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def handle(sender, **kwargs):
     sync_schedule_from_workflow(tenant_id=app.tenant_id, app_id=app.id, workflow=published_workflow)
 
 
-def sync_schedule_from_workflow(tenant_id: str, app_id: str, workflow: Workflow) -> Optional[WorkflowSchedulePlan]:
+def sync_schedule_from_workflow(tenant_id: str, app_id: str, workflow: Workflow) -> WorkflowSchedulePlan | None:
     """
     Sync schedule plan from workflow graph configuration.
 

api/libs/schedule_utils.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from croniter import croniter
 def calculate_next_run_at(
     cron_expression: str,
     timezone: str,
-    base_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+    base_time: datetime | None = None,
 ) -> datetime:
     """
     Calculate the next run time for a cron expression in a specific timezone.

api/models/trigger.py

@@ -194,32 +194,32 @@ class WorkflowTriggerLog(Base):
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     workflow_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    workflow_run_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+    workflow_run_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    root_node_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
+    root_node_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     trigger_metadata: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     trigger_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(EnumText(AppTriggerType, length=50), nullable=False)
     trigger_data: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)  # Full TriggerData as JSON
     inputs: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)  # Just inputs for easy viewing
-    outputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    outputs: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
 
     status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
         EnumText(WorkflowTriggerStatus, length=50), nullable=False, default=WorkflowTriggerStatus.PENDING
     )
-    error: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    error: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
 
     queue_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100), nullable=False)
-    celery_task_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
+    celery_task_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     retry_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
 
-    elapsed_time: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=True)
+    elapsed_time: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=True)
-    total_tokens: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    total_tokens: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
 
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     created_by_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_by: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
 
-    triggered_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
+    triggered_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
-    finished_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
+    finished_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     @property
     def created_by_account(self):
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class AppTrigger(Base):
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuidv7()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    node_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
+    node_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
     trigger_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(EnumText(AppTriggerType, length=50), nullable=False)
     title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     provider_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default="", nullable=True)
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class WorkflowSchedulePlan(Base):
     timezone: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
 
     # Schedule control
-    next_run_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
+    next_run_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
         DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=func.current_timestamp()

api/repositories/sqlalchemy_workflow_trigger_log_repository.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class SQLAlchemyWorkflowTriggerLogRepository(WorkflowTriggerLogRepository):
         self.session.flush()
         return trigger_log
 
-    def get_by_id(self, trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[WorkflowTriggerLog]:
+    def get_by_id(self, trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: str | None = None) -> WorkflowTriggerLog | None:
         """Get a trigger log by its ID."""
         query = select(WorkflowTriggerLog).where(WorkflowTriggerLog.id == trigger_log_id)
 

api/repositories/workflow_trigger_log_repository.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class WorkflowTriggerLogRepository(Protocol):
         """
         ...
 
-    def get_by_id(self, trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[WorkflowTriggerLog]:
+    def get_by_id(self, trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: str | None = None) -> WorkflowTriggerLog | None:
         """
         Get a trigger log by its ID.
 

api/services/app_generate_service.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class AppGenerateService:
         args: Mapping[str, Any],
         invoke_from: InvokeFrom,
         streaming: bool = True,
-        root_node_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        root_node_id: str | None = None,
     ):
         """
         App Content Generate

api/services/async_workflow_service.py

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class AsyncWorkflowService:
         return cls.trigger_workflow_async(session, user, trigger_data)
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_trigger_log(cls, workflow_trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[dict[str, Any]]:
+    def get_trigger_log(cls, workflow_trigger_log_id: str, tenant_id: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get trigger log by ID
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class AsyncWorkflowService:
             return [log.to_dict() for log in logs]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_workflow(workflow_service: WorkflowService, app_model: App, workflow_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Workflow:
+    def _get_workflow(workflow_service: WorkflowService, app_model: App, workflow_id: str | None = None) -> Workflow:
         """
         Get workflow for the app
 

api/services/trigger/schedule_service.py

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class ScheduleService:
         return ScheduleConfig(node_id=node_id, cron_expression=cron_expression, timezone=timezone)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def extract_schedule_config(workflow: Workflow) -> Optional[ScheduleConfig]:
+    def extract_schedule_config(workflow: Workflow) -> ScheduleConfig | None:
         """
         Extracts schedule configuration from workflow graph.
 

api/services/trigger/trigger_provider_service.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class TriggerProviderService:
         parameters: Mapping[str, Any],
         properties: Mapping[str, Any],
         credentials: Mapping[str, str],
-        subscription_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        subscription_id: str | None = None,
         credential_expires_at: int = -1,
         expires_at: int = -1,
     ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class TriggerProviderService:
             return {"result": "success", "expires_at": int(refreshed.expires_at)}
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_oauth_client(cls, tenant_id: str, provider_id: TriggerProviderID) -> Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]:
+    def get_oauth_client(cls, tenant_id: str, provider_id: TriggerProviderID) -> Mapping[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get OAuth client configuration for a provider.
         First tries tenant-level OAuth, then falls back to system OAuth.
@@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ class TriggerProviderService:
         cls,
         tenant_id: str,
         provider_id: TriggerProviderID,
-        client_params: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+        client_params: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
-        enabled: Optional[bool] = None,
+        enabled: bool | None = None,
     ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         """
         Save or update custom OAuth client parameters for a trigger provider.

api/services/trigger/webhook_service.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class WebhookService:
         with Session(db.engine) as session:
             # Get webhook trigger
             webhook_trigger = (
-                session.query(WorkflowWebhookTrigger).filter(WorkflowWebhookTrigger.webhook_id == webhook_id).first()
+                session.query(WorkflowWebhookTrigger).where(WorkflowWebhookTrigger.webhook_id == webhook_id).first()
             )
             if not webhook_trigger:
                 raise ValueError(f"Webhook not found: {webhook_id}")

api/services/workflow/entities.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TriggerData(BaseModel):
 
     app_id: str
     tenant_id: str
-    workflow_id: Optional[str] = None
+    workflow_id: str | None = None
     root_node_id: str
     inputs: Mapping[str, Any]
     files: Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]] = Field(default_factory=list)
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ class AsyncTriggerExecutionResult(BaseModel):
 
     execution_id: str
     status: AsyncTriggerStatus
-    result: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None
+    result: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None
-    error: Optional[str] = None
+    error: str | None = None
-    elapsed_time: Optional[float] = None
+    elapsed_time: float | None = None
-    total_tokens: Optional[int] = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)
 
@@ -131,15 +131,15 @@ class TriggerLogResponse(BaseModel):
     status: str
     queue_name: str
     retry_count: int
-    celery_task_id: Optional[str] = None
+    celery_task_id: str | None = None
-    workflow_run_id: Optional[str] = None
+    workflow_run_id: str | None = None
-    error: Optional[str] = None
+    error: str | None = None
-    outputs: Optional[str] = None
+    outputs: str | None = None
-    elapsed_time: Optional[float] = None
+    elapsed_time: float | None = None
-    total_tokens: Optional[int] = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
-    created_at: Optional[str] = None
+    created_at: str | None = None
-    triggered_at: Optional[str] = None
+    triggered_at: str | None = None
-    finished_at: Optional[str] = None
+    finished_at: str | None = None
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)
 

web/app/components/workflow-app/components/workflow-children.tsx

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ const getTriggerPluginNodeData = (
     event_description: triggerConfig.event_description,
     title: triggerConfig.event_label || triggerConfig.title || fallbackTitle,
     desc: triggerConfig.event_description || fallbackDesc,
-    output_schema: { ...(triggerConfig.output_schema || {}) },
+    output_schema: { ...triggerConfig.output_schema },
     parameters_schema: triggerConfig.paramSchemas ? [...triggerConfig.paramSchemas] : [],
-    config: { ...(triggerConfig.params || {}) },
+    config: { ...triggerConfig.params },
     subscription_id: triggerConfig.subscription_id,
     plugin_unique_identifier: triggerConfig.plugin_unique_identifier,
     is_team_authorization: triggerConfig.is_team_authorization,
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ const WorkflowChildren = () => {
         ...baseNodeData,
         ...triggerNodeData,
         config: {
-          ...(baseNodeData as { config?: Record<string, any> }).config || {},
+          ...(baseNodeData as { config?: Record<string, any> }).config,
-          ...(triggerNodeData.config || {}),
+          ...triggerNodeData.config,
         },
       }
     })()

web/app/components/workflow/nodes/_base/components/form-input-item.tsx

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ const FormInputItem: FC<Props> = ({
     onChange({
       ...value,
       [variable]: {
-        ...(varInput || {}),
+        ...varInput,
         type: VarKindType.constant,
         value: selected,
       },

web/app/components/workflow/nodes/trigger-plugin/use-config.ts

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ const useConfig = (id: string, payload: PluginTriggerNodeType) => {
     (variable: InputVar, varDetail: InputVar) => {
       const newInputs = produce(inputs, (draft) => {
         const nextEventParameters = normalizeEventParameters({
-          ...(draft.event_parameters || {}),
+          ...draft.event_parameters,
           [variable.variable]: {
             type: VarKindType.variable,
             value: varDetail.variable,