release: v6.0.0

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,53 +1,85 @@
-### v6.0.0-beta.5 (_2026-09-29_)
+### v6.0.0 (_2026-10-15_)
 
 - feat(bytecode): support RegExp for chunkAlias option ([#885](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/885))
+- refactor: share and normalize build output resolution
+- refactor: inline bytecode build plugin name
+- refactor!: invoke the bytecode compiler only once to compile all code
+- refactor: use pipe stdio for spawn Electron bytecode compliler and append stderr error
+- refactor: use rolldown instead of esbuild to bundle config file
+- refactor: compile bytecode using the Electron main process or renderer process rather then via the `ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE`
+- refactor!: simplify resolve config and isolate user config for sub-builds
+- refactor: `?modulePath` sub-build output strategy
+- perf(swcPlugin): skip redundant minification when using Oxc ([#922](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/922))
+- perf: skip Babel loading in development and builds without bytecode
+- perf: short-circuit bytecode detection in builds
+- perf: setup rollupOption compatibility via config factory
+- perf: build compatibility target for Electron 42, 43, 44
+- fix(asset): use consistent file paths for asset cache lookups
+- fix(bytecode): unable to obtain the bytecode build session in Node.js 24 ([#928](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/928))
 - fix(dev): exit non-zero when Electron is killed by a signal ([#918](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/918))
 - fix(dev): forward termination signals to Electron child ([#900](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/900))
 - fix(dev): improve Electron process signal handling
 - fix(bytecode): set the regular expression's `lastIndex` to 0 to perform a global match for chunkAlias option
-
-### v6.0.0-beta.4 (_2026-09-28_)
-
 - fix(esmShim)!: use `this.parse` to find the last static import ([#906](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/906))
-
-### v6.0.0-beta.3 (_2026-09-27_)
-
 - fix(deps)!: downgraded @babel/* to v7 due to Node requirements
-
-### v6.0.0-beta.2 (_2026-09-27_)
-
-- refactor: use rolldown instead of esbuild to bundle config file
-- refactor: compile bytecode using the Electron main process or renderer process rather then via the `ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE`
-- perf: setup rollupOption compatibility via config factory
-- perf: build compatibility target for Electron 42, 43, 44
 - fix: remove useless preset config
 - fix(swcPlugin): also disable oxc on Vite 8 ([#920](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/920))
 - fix: clone config without plugins [#902](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/902)
 - fix(deps)!: update magic-string to v1
 - fix(deps)!: update @babel/* to v8
-- chore(deps): update all non-major dependencies
-- chore(deps): update lint-staged to v17
-
-### v6.0.0-beta.1 (_2026-04-12_)
-
-- refactor!: simplify resolve config and isolate user config for sub-builds
 - fix!: compatible with rollupOptions and rolldownOptions
 - fix: chunk filename is wrong in ES mode
-
-### v6.0.0-beta.0 (_2026-04-09_)
-
-- refactor: `?modulePath` sub-build output strategy
 - fix(asset): isolate asset caches per environment
 - fix: use the environment api in plugins
 - fix: skip TTY terminal manipulations in CI environments
 - fix(deps)!: update vite to v8 ([#894](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/894))
 - fix: Typescript compiler option 'outDir' must be located inside Rollup 'dir' option
 - fix(isolateEntries): handle non-TTY stdout in build reporter (#887)
+- chore: simplify bytecode compiler initialization
+- chore: improve jsdoc for bytecode options ([#898](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/issues/898))
+- chore(deps): update all non-major dependencies
+- chore(deps): update lint-staged to v17
 - chore(deps): update cac to v7
 - chore(deps): update globals to v17
 - chore(deps): update eslint and @eslint/js to v10
 - chore(deps): update all non-major dependencies
 
+### v6.0.0-beta.8 (_2026-10-11_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.8 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.8/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.7 (_2026-10-08_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.7 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.7/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.6 (_2026-10-07_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.6 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.6/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.5 (_2026-09-29_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.5 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.5/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.4 (_2026-09-28_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.4 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.4/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.3 (_2026-09-27_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.3 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.3/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.2 (_2026-09-27_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.2 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.2/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.1 (_2026-04-12_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.1 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.1/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+### v6.0.0-beta.0 (_2026-04-09_)
+
+See [v6.0.0-beta.0 changelog](https://github.com/alex8088/electron-vite/blob/v6.0.0-beta.0/CHANGELOG.md)
+
 ### v5.0.0 (_2025-12-07_)
 
 - feat(config): add `build.externalizeDeps` and `build.bytecode` config options to replace `externalizeDepsPlugin` and `bytecodePlugin`

bin/electron-bytecode-main.cjs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const channel = 'electron-vite:bytecode:rpc'
 const readyChannel = 'electron-vite:bytecode:ready'
 let win
 let rendererRPC
+let rendererStarting
 let stopping = false
 
 function fail(error) {
@@ -74,17 +75,18 @@ function createRenderer() {
   })
 }
 
-// Register readiness immediately, but only resolve it after the selected backend is usable.
+const initialized = app.whenReady().then(() => true)
-const initialized = app.whenReady().then(async () => {
-  if (process.env.ELECTRON_VITE_RENDERER === '1' || process.env.ELECTRON_VITE_RENDERER === 'true') {
-    await createRenderer()
-    parentRPC.register('compile', (...args) => rendererRPC.request('compile', ...args))
-  } else {
-    parentRPC.register('compile', compile)
-  }
-  return true
-})
 parentRPC.register('ready', () => initialized)
+parentRPC.register('compile', async (target, code) => {
+  await initialized
+  if (target === 'main') return compile(code)
+  if (target === 'preload') {
+    rendererStarting ||= createRenderer()
+    await rendererStarting
+    return rendererRPC.request('compile', code)
+  }
+  throw new Error(`Invalid bytecode target: ${target}`)
+})
 initialized.catch(fail)
 
 process.on('message', message => {

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "electron-vite",
-  "version": "6.0.0-beta.5",
+  "version": "6.0.0",
   "description": "Electron build tooling based on Vite",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "./dist/index.js",

src/build.ts

@@ -1,28 +1,56 @@
-import { build as viteBuild } from 'vite'
+import { build as viteBuild, mergeConfig } from 'vite'
-import { type InlineConfig, resolveConfig } from './config'
+import { type InlineConfig, type MainViteConfig, type PreloadViteConfig, resolveConfig } from './config'
+import { BytecodeCompiler } from './bytecodeCompiler'
+import { asyncFlatten } from './utils'
+
+async function usesBytecode(config?: MainViteConfig | PreloadViteConfig): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (!config) return false
+  if (config.build?.bytecode) return true
+  const plugins = await asyncFlatten(config.plugins || [])
+  return plugins.some(plugin => plugin && typeof plugin === 'object' && plugin.name === 'vite:bytecode')
+}
 
 /**
  * Bundles the electron app for production.
  */
 export async function build(inlineConfig: InlineConfig = {}): Promise<void> {
   process.env.NODE_ENV_ELECTRON_VITE = 'production'
-  const config = await resolveConfig(inlineConfig, 'build', 'production')
+
+  const bytecodeCompiler = new BytecodeCompiler()
+  const config = await resolveConfig(
+    mergeConfig(inlineConfig, {
+      plugins: [{ name: 'vite:electron-bytecode-build', api: { compiler: bytecodeCompiler } }]
+    }),
+    'build',
+    'production'
+  )
 
   if (!config.config) {
     return
   }
 
-  // Build targets in order: main -> preload -> renderer
+  const hasBytecode = (await usesBytecode(config.config.main)) || (await usesBytecode(config.config.preload))
-  const buildTargets = ['main', 'preload', 'renderer'] as const
 
-  for (const target of buildTargets) {
+  const buildTargets = async (): Promise<void> => {
-    const viteConfig = config.config[target]
+    // Build targets in order: main -> preload -> renderer
-    if (viteConfig) {
+    for (const target of ['main', 'preload', 'renderer'] as const) {
-      // Disable watch mode in production builds
+      const viteConfig = config.config?.[target]
-      if (viteConfig.build?.watch) {
+      if (viteConfig) {
-        viteConfig.build.watch = null
+        // Disable watch mode in production builds
+        if (viteConfig.build?.watch) {
+          viteConfig.build.watch = null
+        }
+        await viteBuild(viteConfig)
       }
-      await viteBuild(viteConfig)
     }
   }
+
+  if (!hasBytecode) return buildTargets()
+
+  try {
+    await bytecodeCompiler.start()
+    await buildTargets()
+  } finally {
+    await bytecodeCompiler.stop()
+  }
 }

src/bytecodeCompiler.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import { type ChildProcess, spawn } from 'node:child_process'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
+import { getElectronPath } from './electron'
 
-export type ElectronCompilerOptions = {
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
-  path: string
+const RPC_TIMEOUT = 30_000
-  args: string[]
+const SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT = 3_000
-  env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv
-  timeout?: number
-  shutdownTimeout?: number
-}
 
 export type BytecodeCompileResult = {
   sourceLength: number
@@ -14,7 +13,9 @@ export type BytecodeCompileResult = {
   cachedData: string
 }
 
-type ElectronResponse = {
+export type BytecodeTarget = 'main' | 'preload'
+
+type CompilerResponse = {
   type: 'response'
   invocationId: number
   result?: unknown
@@ -27,24 +28,17 @@ type PendingRequest = {
   timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>
 }
 
-export class ElectronCompiler {
+export class BytecodeCompiler {
   private ps?: ChildProcess
   private rpcMap = new Map<number, PendingRequest>()
   private invocationId = 0
   private starting?: Promise<void>
   private stopping?: Promise<void>
   private ready = false
-
+  private stderr = ''
-  constructor(readonly options: ElectronCompilerOptions) {
-    for (const timeout of [options.timeout, options.shutdownTimeout]) {
-      if (timeout !== undefined && (!Number.isFinite(timeout) || timeout <= 0)) {
-        throw new RangeError('ElectronCompiler timeouts must be positive finite numbers')
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
   start(): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.stopping) return Promise.reject(new Error('ElectronCompiler is stopping'))
+    if (this.stopping) return Promise.reject(new Error('BytecodeCompiler is stopping'))
     if (this.starting) return this.starting
     if (this.ready) return Promise.resolve()
     if (this.ps) return Promise.reject(new Error('Previous Electron process has not closed; await stop() first'))
@@ -55,15 +49,27 @@ export class ElectronCompiler {
   }
 
   private async initialize(): Promise<void> {
-    const env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = { ...process.env, ...this.options.env, ELECTRON_VITE_RPC: 'true' }
+    const env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = { ...process.env, ELECTRON_VITE_RPC: 'true' }
     delete env.ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE
-    const ps = spawn(this.options.path, this.options.args, {
+    this.stderr = ''
-      stdio: ['ignore', 'inherit', 'inherit', 'ipc'],
+    const compilerPath = path.join(
+      path.dirname(require.resolve('electron-vite/package.json')),
+      'bin',
+      'electron-bytecode-main.cjs'
+    )
+    const ps = spawn(getElectronPath(), [compilerPath], {
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'ignore', 'pipe', 'ipc'],
       windowsHide: true,
       env
     })
     this.ps = ps
-    ps.on('message', (message: ElectronResponse) => {
+    if (ps.stderr) {
+      ps.stderr.setEncoding('utf8')
+      ps.stderr.on('data', (chunk: string) => {
+        if (this.ps === ps) this.stderr = (this.stderr + chunk).slice(-64 * 1024)
+      })
+    }
+    ps.on('message', (message: CompilerResponse) => {
       if (this.ps !== ps || !message || message.type !== 'response') return
       const pending = this.rpcMap.get(message.invocationId)
       if (!pending) return
@@ -101,12 +107,12 @@ export class ElectronCompiler {
     }
   }
 
-  compile(code: string): Promise<BytecodeCompileResult> {
+  compile(target: BytecodeTarget, code: string): Promise<BytecodeCompileResult> {
-    return this.request<BytecodeCompileResult>('compile', code)
+    return this.request<BytecodeCompileResult>('compile', target, code)
   }
 
   async request<T = unknown>(cmd: string, ...args: unknown[]): Promise<T> {
-    if (!this.ready || this.stopping) throw new Error('ElectronCompiler is not ready; await start() first')
+    if (!this.ready || this.stopping) throw new Error('BytecodeCompiler is not ready; await start() first')
     return this.sendRequest(cmd, args) as Promise<T>
   }
 
@@ -120,9 +126,9 @@ export class ElectronCompiler {
         if (!pending) return
         clearTimeout(pending.timer)
         this.rpcMap.delete(invocationId)
-        reject(error)
+        reject(this.withStderr(error))
       }
-      const timer = setTimeout(() => fail(new Error('Electron RPC timed out: ' + cmd)), this.options.timeout ?? 30000)
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => fail(new Error('Electron RPC timed out: ' + cmd)), RPC_TIMEOUT)
       this.rpcMap.set(invocationId, { resolve, reject, timer })
       try {
         ps.send({ type: 'request', invocationId, cmd, args }, error => {
@@ -136,6 +142,7 @@ export class ElectronCompiler {
 
   private rejectPending(error: Error): void {
     this.ready = false
+    if (this.rpcMap.size) this.withStderr(error)
     for (const pending of this.rpcMap.values()) {
       clearTimeout(pending.timer)
       pending.reject(error)
@@ -143,13 +150,23 @@ export class ElectronCompiler {
     this.rpcMap.clear()
   }
 
+  private withStderr(error: Error): Error {
+    const stderr = this.stderr.trim()
+    if (stderr) {
+      const stack = error.stack
+      error.message += '\n' + stderr
+      if (stack) error.stack = stack + '\n' + stderr
+    }
+    return error
+  }
+
   stop(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.stopping) return this.stopping
-    this.rejectPending(new Error('ElectronCompiler stopped'))
+    this.rejectPending(new Error('BytecodeCompiler stopped'))
     const ps = this.ps
     if (!ps) return Promise.resolve()
     this.stopping = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
-      const timer = setTimeout(() => ps.kill('SIGKILL'), this.options.shutdownTimeout ?? 3000)
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => ps.kill('SIGKILL'), SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT)
       ps.once('close', () => {
         clearTimeout(timer)
         resolve()

src/config.ts

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ interface BytecodeMixin {
    * Options pass on to `bytecode` plugin in electron-vite.
    * https://electron-vite.org/guide/source-code-protection#options
    *
-   * Compile source code to v8 bytecode.
+   * Compiles source code to v8 bytecode and works only in the `build` command.
    */
   bytecode?: boolean | BytecodeOptions
 }

src/plugins/asset.ts

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export default function assetPlugin(): Plugin {
         referenceId = `__VITE_NODE_PUBLIC_ASSET__${hash}__`
       } else {
         const cache = assetCache.get(this.environment)!
-        const cached = cache.get(id)
+        const cached = cache.get(file)
         if (cached) {
           referenceId = cached
         } else {

src/plugins/bytecode.ts

@@ -2,28 +2,29 @@ import path from 'node:path'
 import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto'
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
-import { type Plugin, type LibraryOptions, type Rolldown, normalizePath } from 'vite'
+import { type Plugin, type Rolldown, normalizePath } from 'vite'
-import * as babel from '@babel/core'
+import type * as Babel from '@babel/core'
 import MagicString from 'magic-string'
-import { getElectronPath } from '../electron'
+import { toRelativePath, resolveBuildOutputs } from '../utils'
-import { toRelativePath } from '../utils'
+import type { BytecodeCompiler, BytecodeTarget } from '../bytecodeCompiler'
-import { ElectronCompiler } from './electronCompiler'
 
 // Inspired by https://github.com/bytenode/bytenode
 
-const _require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
+let babel: typeof Babel | undefined
 
-function getBytecodeCompilerPath(): string {
+function getBytecodeCompiler(plugins: readonly Plugin[]): BytecodeCompiler | undefined {
-  return path.join(path.dirname(_require.resolve('electron-vite/package.json')), 'bin', 'electron-bytecode-main.cjs')
+  const plugin = plugins.find(plugin => plugin.name === 'vite:electron-bytecode-build')
+  return (plugin?.api as { compiler?: BytecodeCompiler } | undefined)?.compiler
 }
 
 // Versioned envelope: magic/version (8), UTF-16 source length (4), module ID (16), V8 cache.
 // Keep our metadata separate from the private V8 cache header.
-async function compileToBytecode(compiler: ElectronCompiler, code: string): Promise<Buffer> {
+async function compileToBytecode(compiler: BytecodeCompiler, target: BytecodeTarget, code: string): Promise<Buffer> {
   const id = randomBytes(16)
   // Reserve enough source space for an untruncated, per-artifact placeholder identity.
   const source = code + '\n/*' + id.toString('hex') + '*/'
-  const result = await compiler.compile(source)
+  const result = await compiler.compile(target, source)
   const header = Buffer.alloc(28)
   header.write('EVBC0001', 0, 'ascii')
   header.writeUInt32LE(result.sourceLength, 8)
@@ -100,14 +101,14 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
     return _chunkAlias.length === 0 || _chunkAlias.some(alias => alias === chunkName)
   }
 
-  const plugins: babel.PluginItem[] = []
+  const plugins: Babel.PluginItem[] = []
 
   if (transformArrowFunctions) {
     plugins.push('@babel/plugin-transform-arrow-functions')
   }
 
   if (protectedStrings.length > 0) {
-    plugins.push([protectStringsPlugin as babel.PluginTarget, { protectedStrings: new Set(protectedStrings) }])
+    plugins.push([protectStringsPlugin as Babel.PluginTarget, { protectedStrings: new Set(protectedStrings) }])
   }
 
   const shouldTransformBytecodeChunk = plugins.length !== 0
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
     code: string,
     sourceMaps: boolean = false
   ): { code: string; map?: Rolldown.SourceMapInput } | null => {
+    babel ??= require('@babel/core') as typeof Babel
     const re = babel.transformSync(code, { plugins, sourceMaps })
     return re ? { code: re.code || '', map: re.map as Rolldown.SourceMapInput } : null
   }
@@ -125,12 +127,14 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
 
   let supported = false
   let isPreload = false
+  let bytecodeCompiler: BytecodeCompiler | undefined
 
   return {
     name: 'vite:bytecode',
     apply: 'build',
     enforce: 'post',
     configResolved(config): void {
+      bytecodeCompiler = getBytecodeCompiler(config.plugins)
       if (supported) {
         return
       }
@@ -141,10 +145,9 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
         return
       }
       const build = config.build
-      const resolvedOutputs = resolveBuildOutputs(build.rolldownOptions.output, build.lib)
+      const outputs = resolveBuildOutputs(build.rolldownOptions.output, build.lib)
-      if (resolvedOutputs) {
+      const output = outputs[0]
-        const outputs = Array.isArray(resolvedOutputs) ? resolvedOutputs : [resolvedOutputs]
+      if (output) {
-        const output = outputs[0]
         if (output.format === 'es') {
           config.logger.warn(
             colors.yellow(
@@ -189,85 +192,78 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
 
       const bundles = Object.keys(output)
 
-      const compiler = new ElectronCompiler({
+      if (!bytecodeCompiler) {
-        path: getElectronPath(),
+        throw new Error('Bytecode compilation requires an electron-vite build')
-        args: [getBytecodeCompilerPath()],
+      }
-        env: { ELECTRON_VITE_RENDERER: isPreload ? '1' : '0' }
+      for (const name of bundles) {
-      })
+        const chunk = output[name]
-      try {
+        if (chunk.type === 'chunk') {
-        await compiler.start()
+          let _code = chunk.code
-        for (const name of bundles) {
+          if (bytecodeRE) {
-          const chunk = output[name]
+            let match: RegExpExecArray | null
-          if (chunk.type === 'chunk') {
+            let s: MagicString | undefined
-            let _code = chunk.code
+            while ((match = bytecodeRE.exec(_code))) {
-            if (bytecodeRE) {
+              s ||= new MagicString(_code)
-              let match: RegExpExecArray | null
+              const [prefix, chunkName] = match
-              let s: MagicString | undefined
+              const len = prefix.length + chunkName.length
-              while ((match = bytecodeRE.exec(_code))) {
+              s.overwrite(match.index, match.index + len, prefix + chunkName + 'c', {
-                s ||= new MagicString(_code)
+                contentOnly: true
-                const [prefix, chunkName] = match
-                const len = prefix.length + chunkName.length
-                s.overwrite(match.index, match.index + len, prefix + chunkName + 'c', {
-                  contentOnly: true
-                })
-              }
-              if (s) {
-                _code = s.toString()
-              }
-            }
-            if (bytecodeChunks.includes(name)) {
-              const bytecodeBuffer = await compileToBytecode(compiler, _code)
-              this.emitFile({
-                type: 'asset',
-                fileName: name + 'c',
-                source: bytecodeBuffer
               })
-              if (!removeBundleJS) {
+            }
-                this.emitFile({
+            if (s) {
-                  type: 'asset',
+              _code = s.toString()
-                  fileName: '_' + chunk.fileName,
-                  source: chunk.code
-                })
-              }
-              if (chunk.isEntry) {
-                const bytecodeLoaderBlock = getBytecodeLoaderBlock(chunk.fileName)
-                const bytecodeModuleBlock = `require("./${path.basename(name) + 'c'}");`
-                const code = `${useStrict}\n${bytecodeLoaderBlock}\n${bytecodeModuleBlock}\n`
-                chunk.code = code
-              } else {
-                delete output[chunk.fileName]
-              }
-              bytecodeChunkCount += 1
-            } else {
-              if (chunk.isEntry) {
-                let hasBytecodeMoudle = false
-                const idsToHandle = new Set([...chunk.imports, ...chunk.dynamicImports])
-                for (const moduleId of idsToHandle) {
-                  if (bytecodeChunks.includes(moduleId)) {
-                    hasBytecodeMoudle = true
-                    break
-                  }
-                  const moduleInfo = this.getModuleInfo(moduleId)
-                  if (moduleInfo) {
-                    const { importers, dynamicImporters } = moduleInfo
-                    for (const importerId of importers) idsToHandle.add(importerId)
-                    for (const importerId of dynamicImporters) idsToHandle.add(importerId)
-                  }
-                }
-                if (hasBytecodeMoudle) {
-                  const loader = getBytecodeLoaderBlock(chunk.fileName)
-                  const strictRE = /^(#![^\n]*\n)?(["'])use strict\2;/
-                  _code = strictRE.test(_code)
-                    ? _code.replace(strictRE, `$&\n${loader}`)
-                    : _code.replace(/^(#![^\n]*\n)?/, `$&${loader}\n`)
-                }
-              }
-              chunk.code = _code
             }
           }
+          if (bytecodeChunks.includes(name)) {
+            const bytecodeBuffer = await compileToBytecode(bytecodeCompiler, isPreload ? 'preload' : 'main', _code)
+            this.emitFile({
+              type: 'asset',
+              fileName: name + 'c',
+              source: bytecodeBuffer
+            })
+            if (!removeBundleJS) {
+              this.emitFile({
+                type: 'asset',
+                fileName: '_' + chunk.fileName,
+                source: chunk.code
+              })
+            }
+            if (chunk.isEntry) {
+              const bytecodeLoaderBlock = getBytecodeLoaderBlock(chunk.fileName)
+              const bytecodeModuleBlock = `require("./${path.basename(name) + 'c'}");`
+              const code = `${useStrict}\n${bytecodeLoaderBlock}\n${bytecodeModuleBlock}\n`
+              chunk.code = code
+            } else {
+              delete output[chunk.fileName]
+            }
+            bytecodeChunkCount += 1
+          } else {
+            if (chunk.isEntry) {
+              let hasBytecodeMoudle = false
+              const idsToHandle = new Set([...chunk.imports, ...chunk.dynamicImports])
+              for (const moduleId of idsToHandle) {
+                if (bytecodeChunks.includes(moduleId)) {
+                  hasBytecodeMoudle = true
+                  break
+                }
+                const moduleInfo = this.getModuleInfo(moduleId)
+                if (moduleInfo) {
+                  const { importers, dynamicImporters } = moduleInfo
+                  for (const importerId of importers) idsToHandle.add(importerId)
+                  for (const importerId of dynamicImporters) idsToHandle.add(importerId)
+                }
+              }
+              if (hasBytecodeMoudle) {
+                const loader = getBytecodeLoaderBlock(chunk.fileName)
+                const strictRE = /^(#![^\n]*\n)?(["'])use strict\2;/
+                _code = strictRE.test(_code)
+                  ? _code.replace(strictRE, `$&\n${loader}`)
+                  : _code.replace(/^(#![^\n]*\n)?/, `$&${loader}\n`)
+              }
+            }
+            chunk.code = _code
+          }
         }
-      } finally {
-        await compiler.stop()
       }
 
       if (bytecodeChunkCount && !_chunks.some(ass => ass.type === 'asset' && ass.fileName === bytecodeModuleLoader)) {
@@ -288,25 +284,14 @@ export function bytecodePlugin(options: BytecodeOptions = {}): Plugin | null {
   }
 }
 
-function resolveBuildOutputs(
+interface ProtectStringsPluginState extends Babel.PluginPass {
-  outputs: Rolldown.OutputOptions | Rolldown.OutputOptions[] | undefined,
-  libOptions: LibraryOptions | false
-): Rolldown.OutputOptions | Rolldown.OutputOptions[] | undefined {
-  if (libOptions && !Array.isArray(outputs)) {
-    const libFormats = libOptions.formats || []
-    return libFormats.map(format => ({ ...outputs, format }))
-  }
-  return outputs
-}
-
-interface ProtectStringsPluginState extends babel.PluginPass {
   opts: { protectedStrings: Set<string> }
 }
 
-function protectStringsPlugin(api: typeof babel & babel.ConfigAPI): babel.PluginObj<ProtectStringsPluginState> {
+function protectStringsPlugin(api: typeof Babel & Babel.ConfigAPI): Babel.PluginObj<ProtectStringsPluginState> {
   const { types: t } = api
 
-  function createFromCharCodeFunction(value: string): babel.types.CallExpression {
+  function createFromCharCodeFunction(value: string): Babel.types.CallExpression {
     const charCodes = Array.from(value).map(s => s.charCodeAt(0))
     const charCodeLiterals = charCodes.map(code => t.numericLiteral(code))
 

src/plugins/electron.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import path from 'node:path'
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 import { builtinModules } from 'node:module'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
-import { type Plugin, type LibraryOptions, type Rolldown, type UserConfig, mergeConfig, normalizePath } from 'vite'
+import { type Plugin, type UserConfig, mergeConfig, normalizePath } from 'vite'
 import { getElectronNodeTarget, getElectronChromeTarget, supportESM } from '../electron'
-import { loadPackageData } from '../utils'
+import { loadPackageData, resolveBuildOutputs } from '../utils'
 
 export interface ElectronPluginOptions {
   root?: string
@@ -38,17 +38,6 @@ function processEnvDefine(): Record<string, string> {
   }
 }
 
-function resolveBuildOutputs(
-  outputs: Rolldown.OutputOptions | Rolldown.OutputOptions[] | undefined,
-  libOptions: LibraryOptions | false
-): Rolldown.OutputOptions | Rolldown.OutputOptions[] | undefined {
-  if (libOptions && !Array.isArray(outputs)) {
-    const libFormats = libOptions.formats || []
-    return libFormats.map(format => ({ ...outputs, format }))
-  }
-  return outputs
-}
-
 export function electronMainConfigPresetPlugin(options?: ElectronPluginOptions): Plugin {
   return {
     name: 'vite:electron-main-config-preset',
@@ -148,16 +137,15 @@ export function electronMainConfigValidatorPlugin(): Plugin {
         )
       }
 
-      const resolvedOutputs = resolveBuildOutputs(rolldownOptions.output, libOptions)
+      const outputs = resolveBuildOutputs(rolldownOptions.output, libOptions)
 
-      if (resolvedOutputs) {
+      if (outputs.length > 0) {
-        const outputs = Array.isArray(resolvedOutputs) ? resolvedOutputs : [resolvedOutputs]
         if (outputs.length > 1) {
           throw new Error('The electron vite main config does not support multiple outputs.')
         } else {
-          const outpout = outputs[0]
+          const output = outputs[0]
-          if (['es', 'cjs'].includes(outpout.format || '')) {
+          if (['es', 'cjs'].includes(output.format || '')) {
-            if (outpout.format === 'es' && !supportESM()) {
+            if (output.format === 'es' && !supportESM()) {
               throw new Error(
                 'The electron vite main config output format does not support "es", ' +
                   'you can upgrade electron to the latest version or switch to "cjs" format.'
@@ -232,25 +220,21 @@ export function electronPreloadConfigPresetPlugin(options?: ElectronPluginOption
       const buildConfig = mergeConfig(defaultConfig.build, build)
       config.build = buildConfig
 
-      const resolvedOutputs = resolveBuildOutputs(config.build.rolldownOptions!.output, config.build.lib || false)
+      const outputs = resolveBuildOutputs(config.build.rolldownOptions!.output, config.build.lib)
 
-      if (resolvedOutputs) {
+      if (outputs.some(({ format }) => format === 'es')) {
-        const outputs = Array.isArray(resolvedOutputs) ? resolvedOutputs : [resolvedOutputs]
+        if (Array.isArray(config.build.rolldownOptions!.output)) {
-
+          config.build.rolldownOptions!.output.forEach(output => {
-        if (outputs.find(({ format }) => format === 'es')) {
+            if (output.format === 'es') {
-          if (Array.isArray(config.build.rolldownOptions!.output)) {
+              output['entryFileNames'] = '[name].mjs'
-            config.build.rolldownOptions!.output.forEach(output => {
+              output['chunkFileNames'] = '[name]-[hash].mjs'
-              if (output.format === 'es') {
+            }
-                output['entryFileNames'] = '[name].mjs'
+          })
-                output['chunkFileNames'] = '[name]-[hash].mjs'
+        } else {
-              }
+          config.build.rolldownOptions!.output!['entryFileNames'] = '[name].mjs'
-            })
+          config.build.rolldownOptions!.output!['chunkFileNames'] = config.build.lib
-          } else {
+            ? '[name]-[hash].mjs'
-            config.build.rolldownOptions!.output!['entryFileNames'] = '[name].mjs'
+            : path.posix.join(build.assetsDir || defaultConfig.build.assetsDir, '[name]-[hash].mjs')
-            config.build.rolldownOptions!.output!['chunkFileNames'] = config.build.lib
-              ? '[name]-[hash].mjs'
-              : path.posix.join(build.assetsDir || defaultConfig.build.assetsDir, '[name]-[hash].mjs')
-          }
         }
       }
 
@@ -302,16 +286,15 @@ export function electronPreloadConfigValidatorPlugin(): Plugin {
         )
       }
 
-      const resolvedOutputs = resolveBuildOutputs(rolldownOptions.output, libOptions)
+      const outputs = resolveBuildOutputs(rolldownOptions.output, libOptions)
 
-      if (resolvedOutputs) {
+      if (outputs.length > 0) {
-        const outputs = Array.isArray(resolvedOutputs) ? resolvedOutputs : [resolvedOutputs]
         if (outputs.length > 1) {
           throw new Error('The electron vite preload config does not support multiple outputs.')
         } else {
-          const outpout = outputs[0]
+          const output = outputs[0]
-          if (['es', 'cjs'].includes(outpout.format || '')) {
+          if (['es', 'cjs'].includes(output.format || '')) {
-            if (outpout.format === 'es' && !supportESM()) {
+            if (output.format === 'es' && !supportESM()) {
               throw new Error(
                 'The electron vite preload config output format does not support "es", ' +
                   'you can upgrade electron to the latest version or switch to "cjs" format.'

src/plugins/swc.ts

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export function swcPlugin(options: SwcOptions = {}): Plugin {
       }
     },
     async renderChunk(code, chunk): Promise<null | { code: string; map: SourceMap }> {
-      if (!minify || minify === 'terser') {
+      if (!minify || minify === 'terser' || minify === 'oxc') {
         return null
       }
       const result = await transformWithSWC(code, chunk.fileName, {

src/utils.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from 'node:path'
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 import { createHash } from 'node:crypto'
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
-import { loadEnv as viteLoadEnv } from 'vite'
+import { type LibraryOptions, type Rolldown, loadEnv as viteLoadEnv } from 'vite'
 
 export function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
   return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === '[object Object]'
@@ -32,6 +32,23 @@ export function toRelativePath(filename: string, importer: string): string {
   return relPath.startsWith('.') ? relPath : `./${relPath}`
 }
 
+/**
+ * Resolve configured build outputs into an array.
+ */
+export function resolveBuildOutputs(
+  outputs: Rolldown.OutputOptions | Rolldown.OutputOptions[] | undefined,
+  libOptions: LibraryOptions | false | undefined
+): Rolldown.OutputOptions[] {
+  if (Array.isArray(outputs)) {
+    return outputs
+  }
+  if (libOptions) {
+    const libFormats = libOptions.formats || []
+    return libFormats.map(format => ({ ...outputs, format }))
+  }
+  return outputs ? [outputs] : []
+}
+
 /**
  * Load `.env` files within the `envDir` (default: `process.cwd()`) .
  * By default, only env variables prefixed with `VITE_`, `MAIN_VITE_`, `PRELOAD_VITE_` and