fix(stt): repair DashScope audio decoding (#580)

mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/channel/web/TalkModeWebSocketHandler.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import vip.mate.tts.TtsService;
 import vip.mate.workspace.conversation.ConversationService;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
@@ -105,7 +106,10 @@ public class TalkModeWebSocketHandler extends AbstractWebSocketHandler {
             return;
         }
 
-        byte[] audioData = message.getPayload().array();
+        // Respect the ByteBuffer's position/limit. Calling array() can include
+        // unrelated capacity bytes when a WebSocket container hands us a
+        // sliced or pooled buffer, corrupting the WAV data URL sent to STT.
+        byte[] audioData = copyPayload(message.getPayload());
         log.info("[TalkMode] Received audio: {} bytes", audioData.length);
 
         // 异步处理：STT -> Agent -> TTS
@@ -225,4 +229,12 @@ public class TalkModeWebSocketHandler extends AbstractWebSocketHandler {
             session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(data)));
         }
     }
+
+    /** Copy exactly the readable WebSocket payload, independent of backing-array capacity/offset. */
+    static byte[] copyPayload(ByteBuffer source) {
+        ByteBuffer payload = source.slice();
+        byte[] audioData = new byte[payload.remaining()];
+        payload.get(audioData);
+        return audioData;
+    }
 }

mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/stt/AudioMimeTypes.java

@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * the multipart Content-Type from the extension we pass. Hence this
  * helper picks an extension that matches the actual bytes.
  *
- * <p>Previous bug (pre-fix): both providers hardcoded {@code "audio.ogg"}
+ * <p>Previous bug (pre-fix): providers hardcoded {@code "audio.ogg"} as the
- * as the default filename even when the upstream content was WebM/Opus,
+ * default filename even when upstream content was WebM/Opus. The helper now
- * which DashScope's HTTP path then tried to decode as Ogg and 400'd.
+ * serves both multipart filenames (Whisper-compatible endpoints) and MIME-
- * That bug + DashScope's HTTP STT are both gone now (DashScope went to
+ * qualified data URLs (Qwen3-ASR).
- * WebSocket); this class survives because Whisper still cares.
  */
 public final class AudioMimeTypes {
 
@@ -70,6 +69,26 @@ public final class AudioMimeTypes {
         return "audio." + (extension != null ? extension : DEFAULT_EXTENSION);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolve the MIME type that describes the actual encoded bytes.
+     *
+     * <p>Data-URL based APIs (notably Qwen3-ASR) inspect the media type in
+     * {@code data:audio/wav;base64,...}. Sending an empty media type can make
+     * the service mis-detect or truncate otherwise valid audio while still
+     * returning HTTP 200, so callers must never emit {@code data:;base64,...}.
+     */
+    public static String resolveContentType(String fileName, String contentType) {
+        String extension = extensionForContentType(contentType);
+        if (extension != null) {
+            return EXTENSION_TO_CONTENT_TYPE.get(extension);
+        }
+        String resolvedFileName = resolveFileName(fileName, null);
+        String fileExtension = extensionOf(resolvedFileName);
+        return fileExtension != null
+                ? EXTENSION_TO_CONTENT_TYPE.get(fileExtension)
+                : EXTENSION_TO_CONTENT_TYPE.get(DEFAULT_EXTENSION);
+    }
+
     /** Extract the lower-cased extension (without the dot), or null. Package-private for tests. */
     static String extensionOf(String fileName) {
         if (fileName == null) return null;

mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/stt/WavPcmExtractor.java

@@ -30,14 +30,20 @@ public final class WavPcmExtractor {
     private WavPcmExtractor() {}
 
     /**
-     * True when the bytes carry the RIFF/WAVE magic and are long enough to
+     * True only for the 44-byte PCM16/mono layout produced by MateClaw's web
-     * hold the canonical 44-byte header. Cheap gate for callers that only
+     * recorder. Stereo WAVs and files with extra chunks are still valid audio,
-     * want PCM diagnostics on inputs {@link #extract} can actually handle.
+     * but callers must send them directly to STT instead of applying the
+     * mono-specific sample math in this helper.
      */
     public static boolean isCanonicalWav(byte[] bytes) {
         return bytes != null && bytes.length >= CANONICAL_HEADER_BYTES
                 && bytes[0] == 'R' && bytes[1] == 'I' && bytes[2] == 'F' && bytes[3] == 'F'
-                && bytes[8] == 'W' && bytes[9] == 'A' && bytes[10] == 'V' && bytes[11] == 'E';
+                && bytes[8] == 'W' && bytes[9] == 'A' && bytes[10] == 'V' && bytes[11] == 'E'
+                && bytes[12] == 'f' && bytes[13] == 'm' && bytes[14] == 't' && bytes[15] == ' '
+                && unsignedShort(bytes, 20) == 1
+                && unsignedShort(bytes, 22) == 1
+                && unsignedShort(bytes, 34) == 16
+                && bytes[36] == 'd' && bytes[37] == 'a' && bytes[38] == 't' && bytes[39] == 'a';
     }
 
     /**
@@ -74,4 +80,8 @@ public final class WavPcmExtractor {
                 .getInt();
     }
 
+    private static int unsignedShort(byte[] bytes, int offset) {
+        return (bytes[offset] & 0xFF) | ((bytes[offset + 1] & 0xFF) << 8);
+    }
+
 }

mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/stt/provider/DashScopeSttProvider.java

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * <pre>{@code
  * {"model":"qwen3-asr-flash",
  *  "messages":[{"role":"user","content":[
- *      {"type":"input_audio","input_audio":{"data":"data:;base64,...","format":"wav"}}]}],
+ *      {"type":"input_audio","input_audio":{"data":"data:audio/wav;base64,..."}}]}],
  *  "stream":false,
  *  "asr_options":{"language":"zh"}}          // omitted → auto language detection
  * }</pre>
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
     /** Overall budget for the single HTTP round trip. */
     static final int HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
 
+    /** Qwen3-ASR-Flash OpenAI-compatible request limit. */
+    static final int MAX_AUDIO_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    /** Reject electrical noise that would otherwise be hallucinated as a filler such as “嗯”. */
+    static final int MIN_SPEECH_RMS = 16;
+
     private final ModelProviderService modelProviderService;
     private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;
 
@@ -122,29 +128,40 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
             if (audio == null || audio.length == 0) {
                 return SttResult.failure("音频为空");
             }
+            if (audio.length > MAX_AUDIO_BYTES) {
+                return SttResult.failure("音频超过 Qwen3-ASR 10 MB 限制");
+            }
 
             // Silence gate — only for WAV, where we can read PCM directly.
             // "Mic captured nothing" is by far the most common voice-input
             // failure; catching it here yields a precise error instead of an
             // empty transcript from the model. Non-WAV inputs (IM voice
             // notes) skip the gate and go straight to the API.
+            double localDurationSeconds = -1;
             if (WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(audio)) {
                 byte[] pcm = WavPcmExtractor.extract(audio);
                 int[] peakRms = computePcmPeakRms(pcm);
-                if (peakRms[0] == 0) {
+                int sampleRate = WavPcmExtractor.sampleRate(audio);
-                    log.warn("[DashScope STT] PCM is silent (peak=0, bytes={}) — check mic permission / frontend recording",
+                if (sampleRate <= 0) {
-                            pcm.length);
+                    return SttResult.failure("WAV 采样率无效: " + sampleRate);
-                    return SttResult.failure(
-                            "音频为静音（PCM peak=0）— 检查麦克风权限或前端录制实现");
                 }
-                log.debug("[DashScope STT] PCM stats — bytes={} peak={} rms={}",
+                localDurationSeconds = (double) pcm.length / (sampleRate * 2L);
-                        pcm.length, peakRms[0], peakRms[1]);
+                if (peakRms[1] < MIN_SPEECH_RMS) {
+                    log.warn("[DashScope STT] PCM is silent/near-silent (peak={}, rms={}, bytes={}) — check mic permission / frontend recording",
+                            peakRms[0], peakRms[1], pcm.length);
+                    return SttResult.failure(
+                            "音频为静音或音量过低（PCM peak=" + peakRms[0]
+                                    + ", rms=" + peakRms[1] + "）— 请检查麦克风权限和输入音量");
+                }
+                log.debug("[DashScope STT] PCM stats — bytes={} peak={} rms={} duration={}s",
+                        pcm.length, peakRms[0], peakRms[1], localDurationSeconds);
             }
 
             String model = (request.getModel() != null && !request.getModel().isBlank())
                     ? request.getModel() : DEFAULT_MODEL;
-            String format = resolveFormat(request.getFileName(), request.getContentType());
+            String mimeType = AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType(
-            String body = buildRequestBody(model, audio, format, request.getLanguage());
+                    request.getFileName(), request.getContentType());
+            String body = buildRequestBody(model, audio, mimeType, request.getLanguage());
 
             HttpResponse response = HttpRequest.post(ASR_ENDPOINT)
                     .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + apiKey.trim())
@@ -180,8 +197,19 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
             }
 
             String text = parseTranscript(responseBody);
-            log.info("[DashScope STT] Transcribed {} chars (model={}, format={}, audioBytes={})",
+            if (text.isBlank()) {
-                    text.length(), model, format, audio.length);
+                return SttResult.failure("DashScope 未返回识别文本，请检查录音内容和输入音量");
+            }
+            int recognizedSeconds = parseRecognizedSeconds(responseBody);
+            if (isSuspiciouslyTruncated(localDurationSeconds, recognizedSeconds)) {
+                log.warn("[DashScope STT] decoded duration mismatch — local={}s remote={}s, mimeType={}, bytes={}",
+                        localDurationSeconds, recognizedSeconds, mimeType, audio.length);
+                return SttResult.failure("DashScope 仅解码了约 " + recognizedSeconds
+                        + " 秒音频，但本地录音约 " + Math.round(localDurationSeconds)
+                        + " 秒；请检查录音编码或网关是否截断了音频");
+            }
+            log.info("[DashScope STT] Transcribed {} chars (model={}, mimeType={}, audioBytes={}, localDuration={}s, recognizedDuration={}s)",
+                    text.length(), model, mimeType, audio.length, localDurationSeconds, recognizedSeconds);
             return SttResult.success(text);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             log.error("[DashScope STT] Error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
@@ -195,13 +223,14 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
 
     /**
      * Build the recognition request. The audio rides in a
-     * {@code data:;base64,} URI — the separate {@code format} field tells the
+     * MIME-qualified data URI. Qwen3-ASR uses the media type to decode the
-     * service how to decode it, so the URI needs no media type.
+     * file; unlike Qwen audio/translation models it does not define a
+     * separate {@code input_audio.format} request field.
      */
-    String buildRequestBody(String model, byte[] audio, String format, String language) throws Exception {
+    String buildRequestBody(String model, byte[] audio, String mimeType, String language) throws Exception {
         Map<String, Object> inputAudio = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-        inputAudio.put("data", "data:;base64," + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(audio));
+        inputAudio.put("data", "data:" + mimeType + ";base64,"
-        inputAudio.put("format", format);
+                + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(audio));
 
         Map<String, Object> payload = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         payload.put("model", model);
@@ -230,17 +259,6 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
         return dash > 0 ? hint.substring(0, dash) : hint;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Derive the {@code input_audio.format} value ("wav", "mp3", ...) from
-     * the upload's filename/content-type. Falls back to "wav", matching the
-     * web recorder's output.
-     */
-    static String resolveFormat(String fileName, String contentType) {
-        String resolved = AudioMimeTypes.resolveFileName(fileName, contentType);
-        int dot = resolved.lastIndexOf('.');
-        return dot >= 0 ? resolved.substring(dot + 1) : "wav";
-    }
-
     /**
      * Extract the transcript from a chat-completion response. Content is
      * normally a plain string; tolerate the content-part array form
@@ -262,6 +280,26 @@ public class DashScopeSttProvider implements SttProvider {
         return "";
     }
 
+    /** Duration decoded by Qwen3-ASR, reported in the response usage object. */
+    int parseRecognizedSeconds(String json) {
+        if (json == null || json.isBlank()) return -1;
+        try {
+            return objectMapper.readTree(json).path("usage").path("seconds").asInt(-1);
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A large local/remote duration mismatch means the API decoded only the
+     * beginning of the clip. Do not accept a plausible one-character filler
+     * as success in that state; fail so provider fallback and diagnostics run.
+     */
+    static boolean isSuspiciouslyTruncated(double localSeconds, int recognizedSeconds) {
+        return localSeconds >= 3.0 && recognizedSeconds >= 0
+                && recognizedSeconds + 1.0 < localSeconds * 0.6;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Pull a human-readable message out of an error body. DashScope's
      * compatible mode wraps errors as {@code {"error":{"code","message"}}};

mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/docs/en/multimodal.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Click the speaker icon on any assistant message to read it aloud. The voice is w
 
 ### Speech-to-text (STT) — two providers
 
-- **DashScope Paraformer** — Chinese-first, low latency
+- **DashScope Qwen3-ASR Flash** — multilingual transcription with strong Chinese and dialect support
 - **OpenAI Whisper** — the standard multilingual benchmark
 
 Hold the mic button in the chat input to speak. Release to transcribe. Edit the result before sending if you want to.
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ It works the way you'd expect: the image appears inside the same bubble where th
 - **Video** — short-form demos, social content, product animations. Runway for quality, MiniMax for Chinese scenarios, DashScope for cloud-local.
 - **Music** — background tracks, demo jingles, creative exploration. Two providers today; expect the surface to evolve.
 - **TTS** — accessibility, audiobook-style reading, multilingual content. CosyVoice for Chinese, OpenAI for English variety.
-- **STT** — voice-first input, meeting transcription, dictation workflows. Paraformer for Chinese, Whisper for everything else.
+- **STT** — voice-first input, meeting transcription, dictation workflows. Qwen3-ASR for Chinese and multilingual recordings, Whisper-compatible endpoints as an alternative.
 
 ---
 

mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/docs/zh/multimodal.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Google 的图像生成走 **Nano Banana Pro**（`gemini-3-pro-image-preview`）
 
 ### 语音识别（STT）—— 两个供应商
 
-- **DashScope Paraformer**——中文优先，低延迟
+- **DashScope Qwen3-ASR Flash**——支持多语种，强化中文及方言识别
 - **OpenAI Whisper**——多语言行业基准
 
 在聊天输入框按住麦克风图标讲话，松手转文本。识别结果可以在发送前再改一遍。
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Agent 调用它们和调用任何其他工具一样。工具层负责供应商
 - **视频**——短视频 demo、社交内容、产品动画。追求质量用 Runway，中文场景用 MiniMax，想本地云就 DashScope。
 - **音乐**——背景音乐、Demo 音效、创意尝试。目前两家，后面还会扩。
 - **TTS**——无障碍朗读、有声书式阅读、多语言内容。中文用 CosyVoice，英语要多样化就 OpenAI。
-- **STT**——语音输入、会议转写、口述工作流。中文用 Paraformer，其他语言用 Whisper。
+- **STT**——语音输入、会议转写、口述工作流。中文及多语种录音可使用 Qwen3-ASR，也可接入 Whisper 兼容端点。
 
 ---
 

mateclaw-server/src/test/java/vip/mate/channel/web/TalkModeWebSocketHandlerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package vip.mate.channel.web;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+
+class TalkModeWebSocketHandlerTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("copyPayload respects a pooled ByteBuffer's position and limit")
+    void copyPayload_respectsReadableRange() {
+        ByteBuffer pooled = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{99, 98, 1, 2, 3, 97});
+        pooled.position(2);
+        pooled.limit(5);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3}, TalkModeWebSocketHandler.copyPayload(pooled));
+    }
+}

mateclaw-server/src/test/java/vip/mate/stt/AudioMimeTypesTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,21 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
  */
 class AudioMimeTypesTest {
 
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("resolveContentType prefers a known content type and strips codec parameters")
+    void resolveContentType_prefersContentType() {
+        assertEquals("audio/webm", AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType("clip.wav", "audio/webm; codecs=opus"));
+        assertEquals("audio/mpeg", AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType(null, "audio/mpeg"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("resolveContentType infers from filename and safely defaults to WAV")
+    void resolveContentType_filenameAndFallback() {
+        assertEquals("audio/ogg", AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType("note.ogg", null));
+        assertEquals("audio/wav", AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType("blob.bin", null));
+        assertEquals("audio/wav", AudioMimeTypes.resolveContentType(null, null));
+    }
+
     @Test
     @DisplayName("resolveFileName: trusts a caller filename with a known extension")
     void resolveFileName_trustsKnownExtension() {

mateclaw-server/src/test/java/vip/mate/stt/WavPcmExtractorTest.java

@@ -51,9 +51,13 @@ class WavPcmExtractorTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    @DisplayName("isCanonicalWav: true for RIFF/WAVE, false for junk / short / null")
+    @DisplayName("isCanonicalWav accepts PCM16 mono and rejects non-canonical WAV layouts")
     void isCanonicalWav_gates() {
         assertTrue(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(buildWav(16_000, 16, new byte[8])));
+        byte[] stereo = buildWav(16_000, 16, new byte[8]);
+        ByteBuffer.wrap(stereo).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).putShort(22, (short) 2);
+        assertFalse(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(stereo));
+        assertFalse(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(buildWav(16_000, 24, new byte[8])));
         assertFalse(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(new byte[64]));       // no magic
         assertFalse(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(new byte[10]));       // too short
         assertFalse(WavPcmExtractor.isCanonicalWav(null));

mateclaw-server/src/test/java/vip/mate/stt/provider/DashScopeSttProviderTest.java

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
  * parts with encoding rules worth pinning:
  *
  * <ul>
- *   <li>The audio must ride as a {@code data:;base64,} URI plus an explicit
+ *   <li>The audio must ride as a MIME-qualified data URI. Qwen3-ASR does not
- *       {@code format} field — dropping either breaks decoding server-side.</li>
+ *       use the separate {@code format} field supported by other Qwen audio models.</li>
  *   <li>{@code asr_options} must be omitted entirely when no language hint
  *       is supplied, so the service auto-detects.</li>
  *   <li>Transcript extraction must tolerate both plain-string and
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ class DashScopeSttProviderTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    @DisplayName("buildRequestBody serialises model, base64 audio, format and stream=false")
+    @DisplayName("buildRequestBody serialises model and MIME-qualified base64 audio")
     void buildRequestBody_coreShape() throws Exception {
         byte[] audio = "fake-wav-bytes".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", audio, "wav", null);
+        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", audio, "audio/wav", null);
         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
 
         assertEquals("qwen3-asr-flash", node.path("model").asText());
@@ -52,18 +52,19 @@ class DashScopeSttProviderTest {
         JsonNode content = node.path("messages").path(0).path("content").path(0);
         assertEquals("user", node.path("messages").path(0).path("role").asText());
         assertEquals("input_audio", content.path("type").asText());
-        assertEquals("wav", content.path("input_audio").path("format").asText());
+        assertTrue(content.path("input_audio").path("format").isMissingNode());
 
         String data = content.path("input_audio").path("data").asText();
-        assertTrue(data.startsWith("data:;base64,"), "audio must be a base64 data URI");
+        assertTrue(data.startsWith("data:audio/wav;base64,"),
+                "audio must carry its real MIME type in the data URI");
         assertEquals(Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(audio),
-                data.substring("data:;base64,".length()));
+                data.substring("data:audio/wav;base64,".length()));
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisplayName("buildRequestBody adds asr_options.language with locale stripped")
     void buildRequestBody_languageHint() throws Exception {
-        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "wav", "zh-CN");
+        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "audio/wav", "zh-CN");
         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
         assertEquals("zh", node.path("asr_options").path("language").asText());
     }
@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@ class DashScopeSttProviderTest {
         // An empty or null language means "let the service detect the
         // language"; sending asr_options with a null/blank language field
         // would be rejected as a parameter error.
-        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "wav", null);
+        String json = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "audio/wav", null);
         assertTrue(mapper.readTree(json).path("asr_options").isMissingNode());
-        String jsonBlank = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "wav", " ");
+        String jsonBlank = provider.buildRequestBody("qwen3-asr-flash", new byte[]{1}, "audio/wav", " ");
         assertTrue(mapper.readTree(jsonBlank).path("asr_options").isMissingNode());
     }
 
@@ -90,17 +91,6 @@ class DashScopeSttProviderTest {
         assertNull(DashScopeSttProvider.stripLocale("  "));
     }
 
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("resolveFormat maps filename/content-type to the input_audio format value")
-    void resolveFormat_variants() {
-        assertEquals("wav", DashScopeSttProvider.resolveFormat("clip.wav", null));
-        assertEquals("mp3", DashScopeSttProvider.resolveFormat(null, "audio/mpeg"));
-        assertEquals("ogg", DashScopeSttProvider.resolveFormat("note.ogg", "audio/ogg"));
-        assertEquals("webm", DashScopeSttProvider.resolveFormat(null, "audio/webm; codecs=opus"));
-        // Unknown everything → wav (matches the web recorder's output).
-        assertEquals("wav", DashScopeSttProvider.resolveFormat(null, null));
-    }
-
     @Test
     @DisplayName("parseTranscript reads plain-string message content")
     void parseTranscript_stringContent() throws Exception {
@@ -127,6 +117,16 @@ class DashScopeSttProviderTest {
         assertEquals("", provider.parseTranscript("{\"choices\":[]}"));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("duration mismatch detects a truncated decode but tolerates rounding")
+    void durationMismatch() {
+        assertTrue(DashScopeSttProvider.isSuspiciouslyTruncated(8.0, 2));
+        assertEquals(false, DashScopeSttProvider.isSuspiciouslyTruncated(8.0, 7));
+        assertEquals(false, DashScopeSttProvider.isSuspiciouslyTruncated(2.0, 1));
+        assertEquals(6, provider.parseRecognizedSeconds("{\"usage\":{\"seconds\":6}}"));
+        assertEquals(-1, provider.parseRecognizedSeconds("{}"));
+    }
+
     @Test
     @DisplayName("parseErrorMessage handles compatible-mode and native error bodies")
     void parseErrorMessage_variants() {

mateclaw-ui/src/components/chat/TalkMode.vue

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   conversationId?: string
 }>()
 
-const emit = defineEmits<{
+defineEmits<{
   close: []
 }>()
 
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ const transcript = ref<Array<{ role: 'user' | 'assistant'; text: string }>>([])
 
 let ws: WebSocket | null = null
 let recorder: WavRecorder | null = null
+/** In-flight recorder start; release can arrive while getUserMedia is still resolving. */
+let recorderStartPromise: Promise<void> | null = null
 /**
  * Persistent warmed-up recorder kept alive for the modal's lifetime so the
  * press-and-hold gesture doesn't race a first-time mic permission dialog.
@@ -243,19 +245,24 @@ async function startListening() {
     retryConnection()
     return
   }
-  if (state.value !== 'idle') return
+  // Keep the gesture idempotent while getUserMedia/AudioContext start is in
+  // flight. Touch browsers can synthesize a second mouse event for the same
+  // press; without this guard it replaces the active recorder mid-start.
+  if (state.value !== 'idle' || recorderStartPromise || recorder) return
 
   try {
     // Web Audio API + manual WAV encode (utils/wavEncoder.ts) — replaces
-    // MediaRecorder/WebM. DashScope Paraformer rejects webm; WAV is the
+    // MediaRecorder/WebM. A canonical WAV gives every STT provider an
-    // lowest common denominator every STT provider accepts.
+    // unambiguous format and lets the backend run PCM quality diagnostics.
     //
     // Reuse the warmed-up recorder so we skip the permission dialog if
     // it was successfully acquired in onMounted. If warm-up failed (or
     // is still pending), fall back to a fresh recorder.
     recorder = warmRecorder ?? new WavRecorder()
     warmRecorder = null  // ownership transferred for the duration of recording
-    await recorder.start()
+    const startPromise = recorder.start()
+    recorderStartPromise = startPromise
+    await startPromise
     state.value = 'listening'
     console.debug('[TalkMode] listening started')
   } catch (err) {
@@ -263,6 +270,8 @@ async function startListening() {
     mcToast.error(t('talk.micError'))
     state.value = 'idle'
     recorder = null
+  } finally {
+    recorderStartPromise = null
   }
 }
 
@@ -274,7 +283,18 @@ async function stopListening() {
     if (state.value === 'listening') state.value = 'idle'
     return
   }
-  const result = await recorder.stop()
+  const activeRecorder = recorder
+  const pendingStart = recorderStartPromise
+  if (pendingStart) {
+    try {
+      await pendingStart
+    } catch {
+      // startListening owns the user-facing error and recorder cleanup.
+      return
+    }
+  }
+  if (recorder !== activeRecorder) return
+  const result = await activeRecorder.stop()
   recorder = null
   // Re-warm for the next press so subsequent PTTs also skip permission.
   warmRecorder = new WavRecorder()

mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ export default {
       sttProvider: 'Select preferred STT provider. Auto mode picks the first available one.',
       sttFallbackEnabled: 'Automatically try other configured providers if the preferred one fails.',
       openaiSttInfo: 'Reuses OpenAI API Key from Model Management. Whisper model, supports multilingual auto-detection.',
-      dashscopeSttInfo: 'Reuses DashScope API Key from Model Management. Paraformer Realtime over WebSocket — strong Chinese recognition, sub-second latency.',
+      dashscopeSttInfo: 'Reuses the DashScope API Key from Model Management. Qwen3-ASR Flash transcribes each complete recording over HTTP with multilingual and Chinese dialect support.',
       // Issue #76
       sttOpenAiCompatProviderId: 'Pick any OpenAI-compatible provider from Model Management as the credential source (baseUrl + API key). Beyond OpenAI itself this covers self-hosted FunASR, SiliconFlow, Groq, Together, Volcano, Qiniu, and any custom provider you add with the OpenAI-compatible protocol.',
       sttOpenAiCompatModel: 'Model id sent in the multipart "model" field. Defaults to whisper-1; use paraformer-large for FunASR, or whatever id your vendor documents.',
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ export default {
       saveFail: 'Save failed',
     },
     sttTitle: 'Speech Recognition',
-    sttDesc: 'Configure STT speech-to-text with OpenAI Whisper and DashScope Paraformer',
+    sttDesc: 'Configure STT speech-to-text with OpenAI Whisper and DashScope Qwen3-ASR',
     sttProviderOptions: { auto: 'Auto Select' },
     sttProviderTags: { reuseLlmKey: 'Reuses LLM API Key' },
     musicTitle: 'Music Generation',

mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts

@@ -1104,11 +1104,11 @@ export default {
       searxngBaseUrl: '自部署 SearXNG 实例地址。Docker 部署时自动配置。',
       searchProviderAuto: '让系统按优先级自动挑选一个已配置好的 provider。',
       // STT 语音识别
-      sttEnabled: '开启后支持语音消息转文字。OpenAI Whisper 和 DashScope Paraformer 均复用已有 Key。',
+      sttEnabled: '开启后支持语音消息转文字。OpenAI Whisper 和 DashScope Qwen3-ASR 均复用已有 Key。',
       sttProvider: '选择首选 STT 提供商，auto 模式自动选择可用的提供商。',
       sttFallbackEnabled: '首选提供商失败时自动尝试其他已配置的提供商。',
       openaiSttInfo: '复用模型管理中的 OpenAI API Key。使用 Whisper 模型，支持多语言自动识别。',
-      dashscopeSttInfo: '复用模型管理中的 DashScope API Key。使用 Paraformer Realtime（WebSocket 流式），中文识别效果优秀，亚秒级延迟。',
+      dashscopeSttInfo: '复用模型管理中的 DashScope API Key。使用 Qwen3-ASR Flash 通过 HTTP 转写完整录音，支持多语种和中文方言。',
       // Issue #76
       sttOpenAiCompatProviderId: '从模型管理选一个 OpenAI 兼容 provider 行作为凭证（baseUrl + API Key）来源。除官方 OpenAI 外，FunASR 私有部署 / 硅基流动 / Groq / Together / 火山 / 七牛等都可以用——在模型管理新增自定义 provider 后即可在此选用。',
       sttOpenAiCompatModel: '发送给端点的模型名（multipart "model" 字段）。OpenAI 默认 whisper-1；FunASR 通常是 paraformer-large；其他厂商按其文档填写。',
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ export default {
       saveFail: '保存失败',
     },
     sttTitle: '语音识别',
-    sttDesc: '配置 STT 语音转文字，支持 OpenAI Whisper 和 DashScope Paraformer',
+    sttDesc: '配置 STT 语音转文字，支持 OpenAI Whisper 和 DashScope Qwen3-ASR',
     sttProviderOptions: { auto: '自动选择' },
     sttProviderTags: { reuseLlmKey: '复用 LLM API Key' },
     musicTitle: '音乐生成',

mateclaw-ui/src/utils/__tests__/wavEncoder.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { WavRecorder } from '@/utils/wavEncoder'
+
+class FakeNode {
+  connect() { return this }
+  disconnect() {}
+}
+
+class FakeProcessor extends FakeNode {
+  onaudioprocess: ((event: AudioProcessingEvent) => void) | null = null
+}
+
+class FakeAudioContext {
+  sampleRate = 48_000
+  state = 'running'
+  destination = new FakeNode()
+  createMediaStreamSource() { return new FakeNode() }
+  createScriptProcessor() { return new FakeProcessor() }
+  createGain() { return Object.assign(new FakeNode(), { gain: { value: 1 } }) }
+  async resume() {}
+  async close() {}
+}
+
+describe('WavRecorder microphone lifecycle', () => {
+  it('shares one pending getUserMedia call between warmUp and start', async () => {
+    vi.stubGlobal('AudioContext', FakeAudioContext)
+
+    let resolveStream!: (stream: MediaStream) => void
+    const getUserMedia = vi.fn(() => new Promise<MediaStream>((resolve) => {
+      resolveStream = resolve
+    }))
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'mediaDevices', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: { getUserMedia },
+    })
+
+    const stopTrack = vi.fn()
+    const stream = {
+      getAudioTracks: () => [{ readyState: 'live' }],
+      getTracks: () => [{ stop: stopTrack }],
+    } as unknown as MediaStream
+
+    const recorder = new WavRecorder()
+    const warmUp = recorder.warmUp()
+    const start = recorder.start()
+    const duplicateStart = recorder.start()
+
+    expect(getUserMedia).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    resolveStream(stream)
+    await Promise.all([warmUp, start, duplicateStart])
+    await recorder.stop()
+
+    expect(getUserMedia).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(stopTrack).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals()
+  })
+})

mateclaw-ui/src/utils/wavEncoder.ts

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
  * Browser-side recorder that captures microphone audio via the Web Audio API
  * and encodes it directly to a 16-bit PCM WAV blob.
  *
- * <p>Why this exists: MediaRecorder produces WebM/Opus, which DashScope
+ * <p>Why this exists: MediaRecorder output and codec strings vary by browser.
- * Paraformer rejects (it accepts wav/mp3/m4a/flac/aac/amr/ogg-Vorbis only).
+ * A canonical PCM WAV is the lowest common denominator that every STT
- * OpenAI Whisper claims WebM support but is finicky with the codecs string
+ * provider accepts without server-side transcoding, and its samples can be
- * MediaRecorder picks. WAV is the lowest common denominator that every STT
+ * inspected locally for silence and duration before an API call.
- * provider accepts without server-side transcoding.
  *
  * <p>Trade-off: WAV files are ~10x larger than Opus. For typical
  * conversational STT (5-30s clips at 16 kHz / 16-bit / mono) that's
@@ -54,6 +53,12 @@ export interface WavRecording {
 export class WavRecorder {
     private audioContext: AudioContext | null = null;
     private mediaStream: MediaStream | null = null;
+    /** Deduplicates warm-up/start getUserMedia calls so they cannot overwrite each other's stream. */
+    private mediaStreamPromise: Promise<MediaStream> | null = null;
+    /** Lets stop() wait for a permission/start sequence that has not finished yet. */
+    private starting: Promise<void> | null = null;
+    /** Warm-up recorders are disposable; a released instance must never retain a late stream. */
+    private released = false;
     private source: MediaStreamAudioSourceNode | null = null;
     private processor: ScriptProcessorNode | null = null;
     /** Silent sink node — keeps the processor graph alive without echoing through speakers. */
@@ -73,8 +78,8 @@ export class WavRecorder {
      * <p>Safe to call multiple times. Subsequent calls return immediately.
      */
     async warmUp(): Promise<void> {
-        if (this.mediaStream) return;
+        if (this.released) throw new DOMException('Recorder has been released', 'InvalidStateError');
-        this.mediaStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true });
+        await this.ensureMediaStream();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -82,7 +87,20 @@ export class WavRecorder {
      * Already-started recorders are idempotent — calling start twice is a no-op.
      */
     async start(): Promise<void> {
+        if (this.starting) return this.starting;
         if (this.audioContext) return;
+        if (this.released) throw new DOMException('Recorder has been released', 'InvalidStateError');
+
+        const pending = this.startInternal();
+        this.starting = pending;
+        try {
+            await pending;
+        } finally {
+            if (this.starting === pending) this.starting = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async startInternal(): Promise<void> {
 
         // sampleRate hint: browsers honour it on Chrome/Edge but Safari may
         // ignore it and run at the device default. We resample manually in
@@ -90,45 +108,57 @@ export class WavRecorder {
         const ctx = new AudioContext();
         this.audioContext = ctx;
         this.inputSampleRate = ctx.sampleRate;
-        // Reuse the warmed-up stream when present so we skip the permission
+        try {
-        // dialog on the press-and-hold path.
+            // Reuse the warmed-up stream when present so we skip the permission
-        if (!this.mediaStream) {
+            // dialog on the press-and-hold path.
-            this.mediaStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true });
+            const mediaStream = await this.ensureMediaStream();
+            // Modern Chromium AudioContexts created from a user gesture may still
+            // arrive suspended if mic permission was prompted asynchronously.
+            // Force-resume so onaudioprocess actually fires.
+            if (ctx.state === 'suspended') {
+                await ctx.resume();
+            }
+            this.source = ctx.createMediaStreamSource(mediaStream);
+            this.processor = ctx.createScriptProcessor(4096, 1, 1);
+            this.processor.onaudioprocess = (e) => {
+                const channel = e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0);
+                // Defensive copy — the underlying buffer is reused on the next callback.
+                this.chunks.push(new Float32Array(channel));
+            };
+            // Wire source → processor → silent gain → destination. The gain=0
+            // node muzzles the echo through the speakers but keeps the chain
+            // attached to destination, which Chrome requires to fire
+            // onaudioprocess. Connecting processor directly to destination
+            // would echo the mic input back through speakers (feedback) AND
+            // some browsers stop calling onaudioprocess if they decide the
+            // chain "produces no audible output" — the explicit GainNode
+            // makes that decision unambiguous.
+            const silentSink = ctx.createGain();
+            silentSink.gain.value = 0;
+            this.silentSink = silentSink;
+            this.source.connect(this.processor);
+            this.processor.connect(silentSink);
+            silentSink.connect(ctx.destination);
+            this.startTimeMs = Date.now();
+            // Diagnostic — paste from devtools console when the recording silently
+            // produces 0 bytes. Includes sample rate so we can confirm Safari
+            // is at 44.1kHz vs Chrome's 48kHz.
+            console.debug('[WavRecorder] started',
+                    'sampleRate=', ctx.sampleRate,
+                    'state=', ctx.state);
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.processor?.disconnect();
+            this.source?.disconnect();
+            this.silentSink?.disconnect();
+            this.mediaStream?.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());
+            await ctx.close().catch(() => {});
+            this.audioContext = null;
+            this.mediaStream = null;
+            this.source = null;
+            this.processor = null;
+            this.silentSink = null;
+            throw error;
         }
-        // Modern Chromium AudioContexts created from a user gesture may still
-        // arrive suspended if mic permission was prompted asynchronously.
-        // Force-resume so onaudioprocess actually fires.
-        if (ctx.state === 'suspended') {
-            await ctx.resume();
-        }
-        this.source = ctx.createMediaStreamSource(this.mediaStream);
-        this.processor = ctx.createScriptProcessor(4096, 1, 1);
-        this.processor.onaudioprocess = (e) => {
-            const channel = e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0);
-            // Defensive copy — the underlying buffer is reused on the next callback.
-            this.chunks.push(new Float32Array(channel));
-        };
-        // Wire source → processor → silent gain → destination. The gain=0
-        // node muzzles the echo through the speakers but keeps the chain
-        // attached to destination, which Chrome requires to fire
-        // onaudioprocess. Connecting processor directly to destination
-        // would echo the mic input back through speakers (feedback) AND
-        // some browsers stop calling onaudioprocess if they decide the
-        // chain "produces no audible output" — the explicit GainNode
-        // makes that decision unambiguous.
-        const silentSink = ctx.createGain();
-        silentSink.gain.value = 0;
-        this.silentSink = silentSink;
-        this.source.connect(this.processor);
-        this.processor.connect(silentSink);
-        silentSink.connect(ctx.destination);
-        this.startTimeMs = Date.now();
-        // Diagnostic — paste from devtools console when the recording silently
-        // produces 0 bytes. Includes sample rate so we can confirm Safari
-        // is at 44.1kHz vs Chrome's 48kHz.
-        console.debug('[WavRecorder] started',
-                'sampleRate=', ctx.sampleRate,
-                'state=', ctx.state);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -136,6 +166,14 @@ export class WavRecorder {
      * Returns null when nothing was captured (e.g. start failed silently).
      */
     async stop(): Promise<WavRecording | null> {
+        const pendingStart = this.starting;
+        if (pendingStart) {
+            try {
+                await pendingStart;
+            } catch {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
         if (!this.audioContext) return null;
 
         const durationSeconds = Math.round((Date.now() - this.startTimeMs)) / 1000;
@@ -149,6 +187,8 @@ export class WavRecorder {
         await this.audioContext.close();
         this.audioContext = null;
         this.mediaStream = null;
+        this.mediaStreamPromise = null;
+        this.released = true;
         this.source = null;
         this.processor = null;
         this.silentSink = null;
@@ -169,7 +209,7 @@ export class WavRecorder {
         }
         const merged = mergeFloat32(collected);
         // Resample to 16 kHz if we captured at a higher rate (Safari often runs
-        // the AudioContext at 44.1 kHz). 16 kHz is what Whisper / Paraformer
+        // the AudioContext at 44.1 kHz). 16 kHz is what speech recognizers
         // expect, and shrinks the WAV by ~3x at no quality cost for speech.
         const resampled = sampleRate === TARGET_SAMPLE_RATE
             ? merged
@@ -188,9 +228,43 @@ export class WavRecorder {
      * Pair with {@link warmUp} on modal close.
      */
     releaseWarmUp(): void {
+        this.released = true;
         if (this.audioContext) return;  // active recording owns the stream
         this.mediaStream?.getTracks().forEach((t) => t.stop());
         this.mediaStream = null;
+        // getUserMedia may resolve after the component was unmounted. Stop
+        // that late stream immediately instead of leaving the mic indicator on.
+        this.mediaStreamPromise?.then((stream) => {
+            stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());
+        }).catch(() => {});
+        this.mediaStreamPromise = null;
+    }
+
+    /** Acquire one stable mono speech stream shared by warm-up and recording start. */
+    private async ensureMediaStream(): Promise<MediaStream> {
+        if (this.mediaStream?.getAudioTracks().some((track) => track.readyState === 'live')) {
+            return this.mediaStream;
+        }
+        if (!this.mediaStreamPromise) {
+            this.mediaStreamPromise = navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
+                audio: {
+                    channelCount: 1,
+                    echoCancellation: true,
+                    noiseSuppression: true,
+                    autoGainControl: true,
+                },
+            }).then((stream) => {
+                if (this.released) {
+                    stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());
+                    throw new DOMException('Recorder was released while requesting microphone access', 'AbortError');
+                }
+                this.mediaStream = stream;
+                return stream;
+            }).finally(() => {
+                this.mediaStreamPromise = null;
+            });
+        }
+        return this.mediaStreamPromise;
     }
 }
 
@@ -212,8 +286,8 @@ function mergeFloat32(chunks: Float32Array[]): Float32Array {
 
 /**
  * Decimating linear-interpolation resampler. Adequate for 16 kHz speech —
- * the accuracy gap vs polyphase resampling is inaudible to Whisper /
+ * the accuracy gap vs polyphase resampling is immaterial to speech
- * Paraformer at the input sample rates we see in practice (44.1k → 16k).
+ * recognizers at the input sample rates we see in practice (44.1k → 16k).
  */
 function downsample(samples: Float32Array, fromRate: number, toRate: number): Float32Array {
     if (fromRate === toRate) return samples;

mateclaw-ui/src/views/Settings/Stt/index.vue

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
           <select v-model="settings.sttProvider" class="form-input" :disabled="!settings.sttEnabled">
             <option value="auto">{{ t('settings.sttProviderOptions.auto') }}</option>
             <option value="openai">OpenAI Whisper</option>
-            <option value="dashscope">DashScope (Paraformer Realtime)</option>
+            <option value="dashscope">DashScope (Qwen3-ASR Flash)</option>
           </select>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
       </div>
       <div class="provider-section">
         <div class="provider-header">
-          <span class="provider-name">DashScope (Paraformer Realtime)</span>
+          <span class="provider-name">DashScope (Qwen3-ASR Flash)</span>
           <span class="provider-tag">{{ t('settings.sttProviderTags.reuseLlmKey') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="settings-card"><div class="setting-item"><div class="setting-info"><div class="setting-hint">{{ t('settings.hints.dashscopeSttInfo') }}</div></div></div></div>