diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
index 156e5935..7e279fa9 100644
--- a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.dao.DuplicateKeyException;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 import vip.mate.approval.ApprovalWorkflowService;
 import vip.mate.common.result.R;
@@ -97,8 +98,12 @@ public class SecurityController {
     public R<ToolGuardRuleEntity> createRule(@RequestBody ToolGuardRuleEntity rule) {
         try {
             return R.ok(ruleService.createRule(rule));
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
             return R.fail(e.getMessage());
+        } catch (DuplicateKeyException e) {
+            // Race fallback: pre-check passed but a concurrent insert took the slot.
+            String ruleId = rule != null && rule.getRuleId() != null ? rule.getRuleId().trim() : "";
+            return R.fail("Rule ID already exists: " + ruleId);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
index a53cbff4..66ab98b4 100644
--- a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
         rule.setName(rule.getName().trim());
         rule.setPattern(rule.getPattern().trim());
         rule.setBuiltin(false);
+        // Pre-check uniqueness so the API returns a friendly message instead of
+        // surfacing the raw JDBC UNIQUE-constraint violation through the global
+        // exception handler. The DB constraint still guards against races.
+        if (getByRuleId(rule.getRuleId()) != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule ID already exists: " + rule.getRuleId());
+        }
         ruleMapper.insert(rule);
         ruleRegistry.reload();
         return rule;
diff --git a/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts b/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts
index 6418bae8..7ddcaa4b 100644
--- a/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts
+++ b/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts
@@ -1368,6 +1368,9 @@ export default {
       },
       messages: {
         ruleIdRequired: 'Rule ID is required',
+        nameRequired: 'Name is required',
+        patternRequired: 'Regex pattern is required',
+        ruleIdDuplicate: 'Rule ID already exists',
         saveFailed: 'Failed to save rule',
       },
     },
diff --git a/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts b/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
index 49ba1b74..106a97a4 100644
--- a/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
+++ b/mateclaw-ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -1266,6 +1266,9 @@ export default {
       },
       messages: {
         ruleIdRequired: '规则 ID 不能为空',
+        nameRequired: '名称不能为空',
+        patternRequired: '正则模式不能为空',
+        ruleIdDuplicate: '规则 ID 已存在',
         saveFailed: '保存规则失败',
       },
     },
diff --git a/mateclaw-ui/src/views/Security/ToolGuard/index.vue b/mateclaw-ui/src/views/Security/ToolGuard/index.vue
index d64d7996..0f553437 100644
--- a/mateclaw-ui/src/views/Security/ToolGuard/index.vue
+++ b/mateclaw-ui/src/views/Security/ToolGuard/index.vue
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@
                 />
               </div>
               <div class="form-group">
-                <label>{{ t('security.toolGuard.fields.name') }}</label>
-                <input v-model="ruleForm.name" class="form-input" />
+                <label>{{ t('security.toolGuard.fields.name') }} <span class="required">*</span></label>
+                <input v-model="ruleForm.name" class="form-input" required />
               </div>
               <div class="form-group">
-                <label>{{ t('security.toolGuard.fields.pattern') }}</label>
-                <input v-model="ruleForm.pattern" class="form-input mono" placeholder="regex pattern" />
+                <label>{{ t('security.toolGuard.fields.pattern') }} <span class="required">*</span></label>
+                <input v-model="ruleForm.pattern" class="form-input mono" placeholder="regex pattern" required />
               </div>
               <div class="form-group">
                 <label>{{ t('security.toolGuard.fields.severity') }}</label>
@@ -360,6 +360,14 @@ async function saveRule() {
     ElMessage.error(t('security.toolGuard.messages.ruleIdRequired'))
     return
   }
+  if (!ruleForm.name.trim()) {
+    ElMessage.error(t('security.toolGuard.messages.nameRequired'))
+    return
+  }
+  if (!ruleForm.pattern.trim()) {
+    ElMessage.error(t('security.toolGuard.messages.patternRequired'))
+    return
+  }
 
   try {
     if (editingRule.value) {
@@ -370,7 +378,12 @@ async function saveRule() {
     showRuleModal.value = false
     loadRules()
   } catch (e: any) {
-    ElMessage.error(e?.msg || e?.message || t('security.toolGuard.messages.saveFailed'))
+    const raw = e?.msg || e?.message || ''
+    if (typeof raw === 'string' && raw.toLowerCase().includes('already exists')) {
+      ElMessage.error(t('security.toolGuard.messages.ruleIdDuplicate'))
+    } else {
+      ElMessage.error(raw || t('security.toolGuard.messages.saveFailed'))
+    }
   }
 }