diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
index 77d18328..156e5935 100644
--- a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/controller/SecurityController.java
@@ -138,6 +138,17 @@ public class SecurityController {
         }
     }
 
+    @Operation(summary = "按主键 ID 删除自定义规则（兜底，rule_id 异常时使用）")
+    @DeleteMapping("/guard/rules/by-id/{id}")
+    public R<String> deleteRuleByPk(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        try {
+            ruleService.deleteRuleByPk(id);
+            return R.ok("删除成功");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return R.fail(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
     // ==================== Audit ====================
 
     @Operation(summary = "审计日志")
diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
index 9dfdbe4b..a53cbff4 100644
--- a/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/java/vip/mate/tool/guard/service/ToolGuardRuleService.java
@@ -64,10 +64,15 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
      * 新增自定义规则
      */
     public ToolGuardRuleEntity createRule(ToolGuardRuleEntity rule) {
-        if (rule == null || rule.getRuleId() == null || rule.getRuleId().isBlank()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule ID is required");
+        if (rule == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule body is required");
         }
+        requireNonBlank(rule.getRuleId(), "Rule ID");
+        requireNonBlank(rule.getName(), "Rule name");
+        requireNonBlank(rule.getPattern(), "Rule pattern");
         rule.setRuleId(rule.getRuleId().trim());
+        rule.setName(rule.getName().trim());
+        rule.setPattern(rule.getPattern().trim());
         rule.setBuiltin(false);
         ruleMapper.insert(rule);
         ruleRegistry.reload();
@@ -75,7 +80,8 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 更新规则
+     * 更新规则。仅覆盖请求里显式提供的字段；显式传入的关键字段（name / pattern）
+     * 不允许置为空白，避免回写出无意义的"空名空模式"行。
      */
     public ToolGuardRuleEntity updateRule(String ruleId, ToolGuardRuleEntity update) {
         ToolGuardRuleEntity existing = getByRuleId(ruleId);
@@ -83,14 +89,20 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule not found: " + ruleId);
         }
 
-        if (update.getName() != null) existing.setName(update.getName());
+        if (update.getName() != null) {
+            requireNonBlank(update.getName(), "Rule name");
+            existing.setName(update.getName().trim());
+        }
         if (update.getDescription() != null) existing.setDescription(update.getDescription());
         if (update.getToolName() != null) existing.setToolName(update.getToolName());
         if (update.getParamName() != null) existing.setParamName(update.getParamName());
         if (update.getCategory() != null) existing.setCategory(update.getCategory());
         if (update.getSeverity() != null) existing.setSeverity(update.getSeverity());
         if (update.getDecision() != null) existing.setDecision(update.getDecision());
-        if (update.getPattern() != null) existing.setPattern(update.getPattern());
+        if (update.getPattern() != null) {
+            requireNonBlank(update.getPattern(), "Rule pattern");
+            existing.setPattern(update.getPattern().trim());
+        }
         if (update.getExcludePattern() != null) existing.setExcludePattern(update.getExcludePattern());
         if (update.getRemediation() != null) existing.setRemediation(update.getRemediation());
         if (update.getEnabled() != null) existing.setEnabled(update.getEnabled());
@@ -101,6 +113,12 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
         return existing;
     }
 
+    private static void requireNonBlank(String value, String fieldLabel) {
+        if (value == null || value.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(fieldLabel + " is required");
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * 启用/禁用规则
      */
@@ -128,4 +146,24 @@ public class ToolGuardRuleService {
         ruleMapper.deleteById(existing.getId());
         ruleRegistry.reload();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * 按主键 ID 删除自定义规则。兜底通道：当 rule_id 因历史脏数据为空或无法走
+     * /guard/rules/{ruleId} 路径变量时，UI 仍可通过主键删除。
+     */
+    public void deleteRuleByPk(Long id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule primary key is required");
+        }
+        ToolGuardRuleEntity existing = ruleMapper.selectById(id);
+        if (existing == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rule not found: id=" + id);
+        }
+        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(existing.getBuiltin())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Cannot delete builtin rule: " + existing.getRuleId());
+        }
+        ruleMapper.deleteById(id);
+        ruleRegistry.reload();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/h2/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql b/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/h2/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49954404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/h2/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+-- Earlier releases let the rule-create API persist a custom guard rule
+-- with a blank rule_id because the service skipped the not-blank check.
+-- The resulting row was undeletable from the UI: the delete endpoint is
+-- /guard/rules/{ruleId}, and a blank path variable produces a 404 instead
+-- of resolving to the row. This migration does two things:
+--
+--   1. Purge any orphan rows already persisted on existing installations
+--      so users who hit the bug on v1.2.0 can recover without direct DB
+--      surgery. NULL, empty, and whitespace-only rule_id are all swept;
+--      built-in rules are excluded defensively because they are seeded
+--      with stable IDs and should never appear here.
+--
+--   2. Add a CHECK constraint so the database itself rejects blank
+--      rule_id going forward. The service-layer guard already prevents
+--      this from the UI, but the DB constraint defends against any
+--      future code path that bypasses the service (batch import, direct
+--      SQL, future endpoints) and makes the invariant explicit at the
+--      schema level.
+
+DELETE FROM mate_tool_guard_rule
+WHERE (rule_id IS NULL OR LENGTH(TRIM(rule_id)) = 0)
+  AND (builtin IS NULL OR builtin = FALSE);
+
+ALTER TABLE mate_tool_guard_rule
+    ADD CONSTRAINT ck_tool_guard_rule_id_nonblank
+    CHECK (rule_id IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(TRIM(rule_id)) > 0);
diff --git a/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/mysql/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql b/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/mysql/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49960ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mateclaw-server/src/main/resources/db/migration/mysql/V101__cleanup_blank_tool_guard_rule_id.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- See the matching H2 file for context. This migration purges any
+-- orphan rows that earlier releases persisted with a blank rule_id and
+-- then installs a CHECK constraint so the schema itself rejects blank
+-- rule_id, defending against any future code path that bypasses the
+-- service-layer guard. CHECK constraints are enforced from MySQL 8.0.16
+-- onward; this project targets MySQL 8.0+ so the constraint is live.
+
+DELETE FROM mate_tool_guard_rule
+WHERE (rule_id IS NULL OR LENGTH(TRIM(rule_id)) = 0)
+  AND (builtin IS NULL OR builtin = FALSE);
+
+ALTER TABLE mate_tool_guard_rule
+    ADD CONSTRAINT ck_tool_guard_rule_id_nonblank
+    CHECK (rule_id IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(TRIM(rule_id)) > 0);